Why are non-flashlight portable lights taxed less than flashlights? MIT professor In Song Kim's research reveals how lobbying by individual companies shapes trade policies, and how it benefits some firms while hindering the economy as a whole. Kim's work also includes a public database, LobbyView, which tracks money in U.S. politics, enabling others to delve deeper into the topic. Discover the granular nature of trade policies and how private interests can sway public policy.

Want to make social media a more positive and inclusive space? Researchers from King's College London and Harvard University have created a framework to prioritize content that fosters positive debate, deliberation and cooperation on social media. Algorithms that surface content aimed at building positive interactions could be more highly ranked, leading to more meaningful online interactions and a reduction in destructive conflict.

In today's digital age, we're surrounded by algorithms that shape our daily lives in ways we may not even realize. From social media algorithms that decide what content we see to predictive policing algorithms that influence law enforcement decisions, algorithmic culture is ubiquitous and powerful. So, what is algorithmic culture, and how does it shape our lives and perceptions? At its core, algorithmic culture refers to the way algorithms and the data they process have become embedded in contemporary culture. According to Lev Manovich, a leading academic in the field, algorithmic culture is "a new way of producing and representing knowledge based on data analysis, and a new form of power." In other words, algorithms are not just tools but are also shaping the way we understand and interact with the world around us. One example of algorithmic culture in action is the use of predictive algorithms in the criminal justice system. Proponents argue that these algorithms can help prevent crime by identifying high-risk individuals before they offend. However, critics argue that these algorithms reinforce existing racial biases and lead to unfair treatment of certain groups. Another example is the use of recommendation algorithms on social media platforms. These algorithms decide what content we see based on our past behavior and interests, creating a "filter bubble" that can limit our exposure to diverse viewpoints. Despite its potential pitfalls, algorithmic culture also offers new opportunities for creativity and innovation. For example, computer-generated art is a growing field that harnesses the power of algorithms to produce unique and compelling works. As we navigate our increasingly algorithmic world, it's important to understand the ways in which these tools shape our lives and perceptions. By engaging with academic research and exploring new ideas, we can become more informed and empowered citizens in the digital age.

Politics is everywhere. It affects the way we live, work, and interact with others. And if you're interested in understanding the power dynamics that shape our world, then Political Science is the perfect field of study for you. Political Science is a social science that deals with the study of government, politics, and public policy. It's a fascinating field that combines history, philosophy, economics, and sociology to help us understand how governments work, how policies are made, and how power is distributed. In Political Science, you'll learn about the different forms of government, from democracies to dictatorships, and how they function. You'll explore the role of political institutions, such as parliaments, courts, and the media, and how they influence policy decisions. You'll also examine the impact of globalization, international relations, and human rights on political systems. One of the most exciting aspects of Political Science is the research and innovation that takes place in the field. From studying the impact of social media on political campaigns to analyzing the effectiveness of different voting systems, Political Science is constantly evolving and adapting to new challenges. Some of the most well-known academic figures in Political Science include Francis Fukuyama, who famously wrote about the "end of history," and Robert Putnam, who coined the term "social capital" to describe the networks of trust and cooperation that underpin successful societies. At the undergraduate level, Political Science majors typically take courses in political theory, comparative politics, international relations, and public policy. You can also specialize in areas such as political economy, environmental politics, or human rights. With a degree in Political Science, you'll be well-prepared for a range of careers in the public and private sectors. You could work in government, as a policy analyst, diplomat, or elected official. Or you could work in the private sector, as a lobbyist, consultant, or analyst for a think tank. Some of the most notable employers in this field include the United Nations, the World Bank, and major political parties around the world. To succeed in Political Science, you'll need to be curious, analytical, and passionate about social justice. You should also have strong writing and research skills, as well as an ability to think critically about complex issues. If you're ready to explore the fascinating world of politics and policy, then Political Science is the perfect field of study for you.

Can AI-generated persuasive appeals sway human opinions on hot social issues? Stanford researchers find out. Chatbots' political persuasion has significant implications for democracy and national security. Discover how AI fared in the experiment and why it calls for immediate consideration of regulations.

What causes political polarization? A new study shows that people who share a political ideology have more similar 'neural fingerprints' of political words and process new information in similar ways. Discover how the brain receives and processes new information to create ideological stories, shedding light on political polarization.

Are you curious about how game theory can be applied to real-world situations? Look no further than this intriguing collection of essays that explores the complex dynamics of negotiations, war, criminal deterrence, and more. With illuminating comparisons between seemingly unrelated scenarios, such as limited war and a traffic jam, this book challenges readers to think critically about the common interests and conflicts that arise between adversaries. Discover the enlightening insights that game theory can offer in understanding the modern strategy of terror and the ancient institution of hostages. Recommended for students of political science, international relations, and law, as well as professionals in negotiation, conflict resolution, and criminal justice. This book offers a fascinating exploration of game theory and its applications in various real-world scenarios. By examining the similarities between seemingly unrelated situations, readers are challenged to think critically about the complexities of negotiations, war, and criminal deterrence. This book is particularly relevant for those interested in understanding the dynamics of conflict and the strategies used to mitigate it.

Are you curious about how much data your internet-connected devices are producing and who can access that data? Look no further than this fascinating article from MIT Technology Review's weekly tech policy newsletter, The Technocrat. Discover how IoT forensics experts like Mattia Epifani are using data from smart fridges, ocean buoys, and more to assist law enforcement in building cases. Learn about the treasure trove of personal details that can be found in seemingly innocuous devices and the security and privacy risks that come with them. Don't miss out on this eye-opening read!

Are you someone who loves technology and has a keen eye for detail? Do you enjoy working with data and making sense of complex information? Then a career as a Database Administrator might be just the thing for you! As a Database Administrator, you will be responsible for managing and organizing large amounts of data for companies and organizations. This could include everything from financial records and customer information to employee data and product inventories. You'll be the go-to person for ensuring that all this data is stored, organized, and accessible in a secure and efficient manner. One of the most appealing aspects of this role is the sheer variety of industries you could work in. From healthcare and finance to retail and hospitality, virtually every industry relies on data management to some extent. This means that as a Database Administrator, you'll have the opportunity to work in a field that aligns with your interests and passions. So what exactly will you be doing as a Database Administrator? Your duties will include everything from designing and implementing databases to monitoring and maintaining their performance. You'll need to be comfortable working with a range of software and programming languages, and have a strong understanding of data security and privacy regulations. There are also a number of potential areas of specialisation within the field of database administration. For example, you might focus on data warehousing, which involves creating large-scale databases for businesses to use in their decision-making processes. Alternatively, you could work in database development, which involves designing new databases from scratch. To become a Database Administrator, you'll typically need a bachelor's degree in computer science, information technology, or a related field. Some popular undergraduate programs and majors that could prepare you for this career include Computer Science, Management Information Systems, and Data Science. In addition to technical skills, there are a number of personal attributes that can be helpful in this field. For example, you'll need to be a strong problem solver, able to think creatively to come up with solutions to complex data management challenges. You'll also need to be detail-oriented and able to work well under pressure. So what are the job prospects like for aspiring Database Administrators? The good news is that demand for these professionals is on the rise, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics projecting a 10% growth in employment between 2019 and 2029. This means that there will be plenty of opportunities for skilled Database Administrators in the coming years. As for potential employers, there are a wide range of public and private sector organizations that hire Database Administrators. Some notable examples include tech giants like Microsoft and Oracle, financial institutions like JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs, and healthcare providers like Kaiser Permanente and Mayo Clinic. So if you're looking for a challenging and rewarding career that combines your love of technology with your passion for data, then a career as a Database Administrator might be just what you're looking for!

In academic settings, arguments are often used to convince others of a particular point of view. However, not all arguments are created equal. The success of an argument depends on understanding the audience's beliefs, trusted sources, and values. Mathematical and logical arguments work well because they rely on shared beliefs, but disagreements that involve outside information often come down to what sources and authorities people trust. When disagreements can't be settled with statistics or evidence, making a convincing argument may depend on engaging the audience's values. The challenge is to correctly identify what's important to people who don't already agree with us. Engaging in discussion and being exposed to counter-arguments can help make our own arguments and reasoning more convincing. By understanding the elements that make arguments successful, students can become more effective communicators and critical thinkers in both academic and real-world settings.

Are you using AI-powered writing assistants to help you with your school work? A new study from Cornell University has found that these tools not only put words into your mouth but also ideas into your head. The study shows that the biases baked into AI writing tools could have concerning repercussions for culture and politics. Co-author Mor Naaman, professor at the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech, warns that apart from increasing efficiency and creativity, there could be other consequences for individuals and society. Read more about this groundbreaking study at Cornell University.

In "Artificial Intelligence," computer scientist Melanie Mitchell takes readers on a fascinating journey through the history and current state of AI. Mitchell delves into the most pressing questions about AI today, including how intelligent the best AI programs truly are, how they work, and what they can do. She examines the disconnect between the hype and actual achievements in the field, providing clear insights into what has been accomplished and how far we still have to go. This engaging and accessible book is an essential guide to understanding the impact of AI on our future. Recommended for anyone interested in the intersection of technology and society, "Artificial Intelligence" provides a comprehensive overview of the history and current state of AI. This book is particularly relevant for computer scientists, data scientists, and engineers who want to understand the cutting-edge AI programs and the historical lines of thought underpinning recent achievements. It is also useful for policymakers and those concerned with the ethical implications of AI, as Mitchell explores the fears and hopes surrounding the technology. Additionally, anyone interested in the future of work, automation, and the impact of technology on society will find this book thought-provoking and informative.

Are you fascinated by the art of negotiation, mediation, and conflict resolution? Do you have a passion for international relations and diplomacy? If so, then studying Diplomacy at the undergraduate level may be the perfect fit for you! Diplomacy is an exciting and dynamic field of study that combines elements of politics, law, history, and economics to explore the complex relationships between nations and peoples. It is an interdisciplinary subject that requires students to think critically and creatively about the world around them, and to develop a nuanced understanding of the factors that shape international relations. One of the most appealing aspects of studying Diplomacy is the opportunity to engage with real-life examples of successful diplomacy in action. From the historic Camp David Accords to the recent Iran Nuclear Deal, Diplomacy has played a pivotal role in shaping the course of world events. By studying Diplomacy, you will gain a deep appreciation for the power of negotiation and the importance of building strong relationships between nations. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Diplomacy include International Relations, Political Science, and Conflict Resolution. These courses will provide you with a broad foundation in the principles and practices of Diplomacy, as well as the skills and knowledge needed to pursue further specialisation in areas such as International Law, Human Rights, or Environmental Diplomacy. The potential career paths for graduates in Diplomacy are varied and exciting. Many graduates go on to work in government agencies, international organisations, or non-governmental organisations, where they play a vital role in shaping foreign policy and promoting peace and stability around the world. Other popular career paths include journalism, law, and business, where a deep understanding of international relations and diplomacy is highly valued. To succeed in the field of Diplomacy, it is important to have strong communication skills, an analytical mind, and a deep curiosity about the world around you. You should also have a passion for learning, a willingness to work hard, and a commitment to making a positive difference in the world. Some notable employers in the field of Diplomacy include the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Red Cross. Whether you are interested in working in the public or private sector, there are countless opportunities available for graduates in Diplomacy. So if you are ready to embark on an exciting and rewarding journey of discovery, consider studying Diplomacy at the undergraduate level. With its unique blend of theory and practice, and its focus on building strong relationships between nations, Diplomacy is the perfect field of study for those who want to make a difference in the world.

The Prisoner's Dilemma is a classic problem that can shed light on a range of real-world phenomena. In this dilemma, two people face a choice: cooperate and both do well, or fail to cooperate and both do worse. Understanding this dilemma can help you see how cooperation is key to solving complex problems, from overfishing to pollution to creating just societies. By exploring the underlying structure of this problem, you can gain insight into the benefits of cooperation, and how to approach complex situations where your choices impact those around you. Learning about the Prisoner's Dilemma can help you become a better problem solver, both intellectually and practically, by equipping you with the tools you need to think critically and work collaboratively with others.

Politics is more than just the art of the possible; it's an exciting and dynamic field of study that encompasses everything from international relations to local government. If you're interested in how power works, how decisions are made, and how societies are shaped, then studying politics at the undergraduate level might be just the thing for you. At its core, politics is about understanding how people and institutions interact with each other to make decisions that affect our lives. This means studying everything from political theory and philosophy to the nuts and bolts of government policy-making. It also means exploring the many different systems of government that exist around the world, from democracies to dictatorships, and learning about the challenges and opportunities that each one presents. One of the most interesting things about studying politics is the breadth of research and innovation that is taking place in the field. From groundbreaking new theories about democracy and governance to innovative approaches to public policy, there is always something new and exciting happening in politics. And with so many well-known academic figures making major contributions to the field, there is no shortage of inspiring academic discourse to engage with. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules might include courses on political theory, comparative politics, international relations, and public policy. But there are also plenty of opportunities to specialize further, whether that means focusing on a particular region of the world, a specific area of policy, or a particular type of government. So what can you do with a degree in politics? The possibilities are endless. There are a range of potential future jobs and roles that this field of study might be directly helpful for, including careers in government, NGOs, think tanks, and international organizations. But politics is also a useful foundation for a wide range of other careers, from law and journalism to business and finance. To succeed in this field of study, it's helpful to have strong critical thinking skills, a passion for social justice, and an interest in current events and public affairs. You should also be comfortable with public speaking and debate, as well as skilled at research and analysis. If you're ready to dive into the exciting world of politics, then studying it at the undergraduate level might be just the thing to launch your career in this exciting field.

If you have a passion for public service and making a difference in the world, a career in politics could be the perfect fit for you. As a politician, you'll have the opportunity to shape policy, impact people's lives, and work towards a better future for all. Politics is a broad field that encompasses a wide range of roles, from elected officials like mayors and members of parliament to policy analysts and campaign managers. As a politician, you might work at the local, state/provincial, or national level, and your work could touch on everything from education to healthcare, the environment, and beyond. One of the most attractive and meaningful aspects of a career in politics is the opportunity to make a real difference in people's lives. For example, politicians can help create policies that improve access to healthcare, reduce poverty, or combat climate change. Moreover, politicians can provide strong leadership and inspire the next generation of citizens. Politicians also get to work with a diverse group of people, including activists, community leaders, and other politicians. For example, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris is a great example of a politician who has worked with diverse groups to help advance important issues like criminal justice reform and voting rights. Typical duties of a politician include developing and implementing policy, communicating with constituents, and working with other politicians to get legislation passed. Within the field of politics, there are many potential areas of specialization, such as foreign policy, education, and environmental policy. Related fields include public administration, law, and journalism. To become a politician, you typically need a bachelor's degree in a related field, such as political science or public policy. Some popular undergraduate programs for aspiring politicians include Harvard University's Government program, the University of California, Berkeley's Political Science program, and the London School of Economics and Political Science's Government program. Helpful personal attributes for a career in politics include strong communication skills, leadership ability, and a passion for public service. Politicians also need to be able to work well under pressure, and have a keen eye for detail and strategy. The job prospects for politicians are highly variable and depend on many factors, including the level of government you're interested in working for, the area of policy you specialize in, and the current political climate. Some notable and attractive potential employers include the United Nations, the European Union, and national governments around the world, as well as non-governmental organizations like Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and Greenpeace.

Are you a problem solver with a passion for numbers and technology? If so, you might want to consider a career in data science! With the ever-increasing amount of data generated every day, the need for professionals who can gather, analyze, and interpret this data has never been greater. As a data scientist, you will work with large and complex datasets to derive meaningful insights and make informed business decisions. Data science is a multidisciplinary field that incorporates aspects of computer science, statistics, and mathematics, among others. It involves using advanced analytical and machine learning techniques to identify patterns and trends in data, and to develop predictive models that can be used to make data-driven decisions. Data science is a crucial aspect of many industries, including finance, healthcare, marketing, and technology. For example, Netflix uses data science to recommend movies and TV shows to viewers, while Amazon uses it to personalize product recommendations for customers. In healthcare, data scientists analyze medical data to improve patient outcomes and predict disease outbreaks. As a data scientist, you might be responsible for tasks such as data cleaning and preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, feature engineering, and building and deploying machine learning models. You may also specialize in areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, or deep learning. To become a data scientist, you will typically need a bachelor's degree in a related field such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, or engineering. Popular undergraduate programs include Computer Science, Statistics, Applied Mathematics, and Data Science. Many data scientists also pursue advanced degrees, such as a Master's or PhD in Data Science. In addition to technical skills, data scientists should also possess strong communication and problem-solving skills, as well as an ability to work collaboratively in a team environment. Some helpful personal attributes might include curiosity, attention to detail, and a passion for learning. The job outlook for data scientists is extremely positive, with the demand for skilled professionals expected to continue to grow in the coming years. Notable potential employers in this field include tech giants such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon, as well as a variety of other companies across industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail.

Are you curious about the influence of tobacco lobbyists on government policies? A new study by Australian researchers, published in The Conversation, reveals the extent of the revolving door between tobacco lobbyists and government officials. The study found that about half of those involved in tobacco lobbying in Australia held positions in government before or after working for the tobacco industry, highlighting the need for stronger rules and legislation around lobbying. Read on to discover how tobacco companies use third-party allies to indirectly lobby the government and the potential risks to public health policies.

The pandemic has exposed the flaws in America's social contract and its ability to protect all citizens. Political philosopher Danielle S. Allen calls for a deeper understanding of the responsibilities of public decision-makers and citizens to repair the broken contract and build pandemic resilience and justice through good governance and strong bonds of solidarity.

Are you interested in finding out how Netflix recommends your next binge-worthy series or how Amazon knows what products to suggest for you to buy? If so, then studying Data Science might be perfect for you! Data Science is an exciting field that combines statistical analysis, computer science, and domain knowledge to extract insights and knowledge from complex and large data sets. It is the foundation of many cutting-edge technologies, from self-driving cars to personalized medicine. One exciting aspect of Data Science is its real-world applications. Data Scientists play a crucial role in solving a variety of problems, from predicting hurricanes to optimizing supply chains for major retailers. They also work on designing recommendation engines and fraud detection algorithms, as well as developing models to analyze data from social media and other sources. In the academic world, Data Science is a rapidly evolving field, with new innovations and academic discourse constantly emerging. For example, researchers are exploring ways to use machine learning algorithms to identify and predict disease outbreaks, as well as developing techniques to ensure that AI systems are fair and unbiased. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules include Statistics, Programming, Data Mining, and Machine Learning. Students may also have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision, and Deep Learning. Real-life examples of Data Science in action can include using machine learning algorithms to analyze MRI scans to detect early-stage cancer, or developing predictive models to identify which customers are most likely to leave a telecommunications provider. Upon graduation, Data Science majors can expect to have a wide range of career options available to them. Many work in technology companies, but opportunities also exist in healthcare, finance, and government. Employers such as Facebook, Google, and IBM all hire Data Scientists, as do public sector organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To succeed in Data Science, students should have strong analytical skills, an aptitude for mathematics and statistics, and an interest in computer programming. In addition, they should be curious and possess a willingness to learn and explore new ways of working with data.