Are you passionate about shaping young minds and making a difference in the world? If so, then a degree in Elementary Education might be the perfect choice for you! Elementary Education is a field of study that focuses on the development and education of children in their early years. As an Elementary Education major, you will learn how to create engaging lesson plans, teach a variety of subjects, and foster a positive learning environment for your students. One of the most appealing aspects of this field is the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the lives of children. Imagine being the teacher who inspires a child to pursue their dreams or helps them overcome a difficult obstacle. With a degree in Elementary Education, you can have a direct and lasting impact on the future generation. Recent research has shown that innovative teaching methods, such as project-based learning and technology integration, can significantly improve student outcomes. As an Elementary Education major, you will have the opportunity to learn about these cutting-edge techniques and incorporate them into your own teaching practice. Notable academic figures in this field include Maria Montessori, who developed the Montessori method of education, and John Dewey, who advocated for hands-on learning and experiential education. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules include Child Development, Curriculum Design, and Classroom Management. With further specialization, you can focus on areas such as Special Education or Bilingual Education. Graduates with a degree in Elementary Education can pursue a range of careers, including classroom teaching, curriculum development, and education administration. Key industries for prospective future employment include public and private schools, non-profit organizations, and government agencies. Notable employers include Teach for America, the Peace Corps, and the Department of Education. To succeed in this field, it is important to have a passion for working with children, strong communication skills, and a creative and adaptable mindset. If you possess these qualities and are interested in making a positive impact on the world, then a degree in Elementary Education might be the perfect fit for you!

Are you passionate about sharing knowledge and inspiring young minds? Do you want to be a part of shaping the future of education? Then a career as a College Professor might be the perfect fit for you! As a College Professor, you will be at the forefront of higher education, teaching students in a specific field of study and conducting research that contributes to your field's advancement. You will have the opportunity to inspire and mentor students, helping them develop critical thinking skills and prepare for their future careers. The role of a College Professor is diverse and exciting. You could be teaching courses in anything from English literature to neuroscience, and conducting research on topics that interest you. You could also have the opportunity to collaborate with other professors and researchers from around the world, sharing your knowledge and expertise. To become a College Professor, you will typically need a doctoral degree in your field of study. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include biology, chemistry, psychology, and education. However, there are many other fields of study that can lead to a career as a College Professor, so don't be afraid to explore your options. Helpful personal attributes for a College Professor include strong communication and interpersonal skills, as well as a passion for teaching and learning. You should also be able to think critically and creatively, and be willing to adapt to new ideas and technologies. Job prospects for College Professors are strong, with many opportunities available in both public and private sectors around the world. Notable potential employers include Harvard University, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, as well as the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. So, if you're looking for a challenging and rewarding career that allows you to share your knowledge and make a difference in the lives of others, consider a career as a College Professor. You never know where your passion for teaching and learning might take you!

Teaching is more than just a job, it's a calling. It's a profession that is both challenging and rewarding, and it's perfect for those who want to make a positive impact on the lives of the next generation. As a teacher, you have the opportunity to shape the minds of young people, inspire them to reach their full potential, and make a difference in the world. In the field of teaching, there are a variety of different paths you can take. You could become an elementary school teacher, helping young children to learn and grow. Or you could specialize in a particular subject, such as English, math, or science, and teach at the middle school or high school level. You could even become a professor at a college or university, sharing your knowledge and expertise with the next generation of scholars. The duties of a teacher can vary depending on the level you teach at, but they all involve designing and delivering lesson plans, grading assignments, and providing feedback to students. You'll also be responsible for managing the classroom, maintaining discipline, and creating a safe and inclusive learning environment. To become a teacher, you'll need to earn a bachelor's degree in education or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs include early childhood education, elementary education, and secondary education. You'll also need to complete a teaching certification program and pass a state licensing exam. As a teacher, it's important to have a passion for learning and a desire to help others succeed. You should be patient, creative, and able to communicate effectively with students, parents, and colleagues. A sense of humor and a positive attitude can also go a long way in the classroom. Job prospects for teachers are generally good, with a steady demand for qualified educators in both public and private schools. Some notable employers include the New York City Department of Education, the Los Angeles Unified School District, and Teach for America. There are also opportunities to teach abroad, with programs like the Fulbright Teacher Exchange and the Peace Corps. In conclusion, a career in teaching is a wonderful opportunity to make a positive impact on the world. Whether you're helping young children to learn and grow, or inspiring the next generation of scholars, teaching is a profession that is both challenging and rewarding. So if you have a passion for learning and a desire to make a difference, consider a career in teaching.

Are you passionate about teaching? Do you enjoy working with young adults and helping them develop their skills and knowledge? If so, then the field of Secondary Education may be the perfect fit for you! Secondary Education is a field of study that focuses on the education of young adults, typically between the ages of 12 and 18. This field is all about preparing students for the future, helping them develop critical thinking skills, and providing them with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed in their chosen careers. One of the most interesting aspects of Secondary Education is the wide variety of subjects that are covered. From English and History to Math and Science, there is something for everyone in this field. And, with the rise of technology in the classroom, there are even more opportunities to explore new and exciting topics. Innovations in Secondary Education are constantly emerging, with new research and academic disclosures being made every day. Some of the most inspiring academic figures in the field include John Dewey, Paulo Freire, and Howard Gardner, who have all made significant contributions to the way we think about education. At the undergraduate level, students can choose from a variety of majors and modules, depending on their interests and career goals. Some popular options include English Education, Mathematics Education, and Science Education. And, for those who want to specialize further, there are a variety of postgraduate programs available, such as Educational Leadership and Curriculum and Instruction. The skills and knowledge gained from studying Secondary Education can lead to a variety of exciting career paths. Graduates may go on to become teachers, curriculum developers, education consultants, or even work in educational technology. Key industries for prospective future employment include public and private schools, universities, and government agencies. Notable potential employers include the Department of Education, Teach for America, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. To succeed in Secondary Education, students should possess a variety of personal attributes, skills, and interests. These may include a passion for teaching and working with young adults, strong communication skills, and an ability to think creatively and critically. Additionally, a love of learning and a desire to make a positive impact on the world are essential traits for success in this field. Overall, the study of Secondary Education offers a wealth of opportunities for those who are passionate about education and helping young adults succeed. With a variety of exciting career paths and a constantly evolving field, there has never been a better time to explore this dynamic and rewarding field of study.

Toys and marketing for children are often rigidly gendered, but this can limit their potential and career aspirations. Babies as young as less than a year old pick up on gendered differences in their world, and young children use gender to make sense of a complicated world. However, this binary view of gender is problematic for everyone, and we need more openness on the topic of gender. The brain is mouldable from a young age, and experiences with different toys and activities can shape our skills and career aspirations. We need to teach boys that vulnerability is okay and give children the option to be themselves. By changing the stories we tell, we can change the realities we live. As a student, learning about gender and its impact on our lives can help us break free from limiting stereotypes and reach our full potential.

Have you ever wondered why some people seem to be more successful in their academic pursuits than others? While talent and hard work certainly play a role, researchers have found that having a sense of purpose can be a powerful motivator. So, what exactly is purpose? In academic terms, purpose refers to a goal or intention that gives direction and meaning to our actions. It's not just about achieving a specific outcome; it's about having a deeper understanding of why that outcome matters to us. Studies have shown that having a strong sense of purpose is linked to a wide range of positive outcomes, including greater academic achievement, better mental health, and a longer lifespan. In fact, one study found that college students who had a strong sense of purpose were more likely to stay in school and graduate on time. But purpose isn't just about achieving personal success. It's also about making a positive impact on the world around us. When we have a sense of purpose, we're more likely to engage in activities that benefit others, such as volunteering, community service, and activism. One well-known researcher in this field is Dr. William Damon, a professor of education at Stanford University. Dr. Damon has written extensively on the importance of purpose in education and has found that students who have a sense of purpose are more engaged in their learning and more likely to develop critical thinking skills. Another leading expert in this area is Dr. Angela Duckworth, a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Duckworth has conducted extensive research on the concept of grit, which she defines as a combination of passion and perseverance. According to Dr. Duckworth, having a sense of purpose is a key component of grit, as it provides the motivation needed to overcome obstacles and stay focused on long-term goals. In conclusion, finding a sense of purpose can be a powerful motivator in your academic pursuits. By reflecting on your values and interests, connecting your academic goals to a larger purpose, and seeking out opportunities to engage in activities that align with your purpose, you can create a more meaningful and fulfilling academic experience.

Are you looking for a teaching guide that will transform you into a classroom champion? Look no further than Teach Like a Champion 2.0! This updated edition includes over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom, never-before-seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world, and step-by-step teaching guidelines that will help you boost academic rigor, improve classroom management, and inspire student engagement. With examples from outstanding teachers and additional resources available online, this book is a must-have for both new and experienced educators looking to strengthen their teaching practice. Recommended for educators of all levels and subject areas, Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a comprehensive guide to improving teaching practice. Whether you are a new teacher looking to build a strong foundation or an experienced educator seeking to refine your skills, this book provides practical and effective techniques for boosting academic rigor, improving classroom management, and inspiring student engagement. The techniques in this book can be adapted to suit any context, making it relevant to teachers in a wide range of fields of study and professions. Additionally, the emphasis on best practices from outstanding educators around the world makes this book a valuable resource for anyone interested in education and teaching.

Are you someone who loves to learn and is passionate about helping others learn as well? Do you have a creative mind and enjoy designing engaging and effective educational materials? If so, a career as a Curriculum Developer may be the perfect fit for you! As a Curriculum Developer, you will be responsible for creating and designing educational materials, such as lesson plans, textbooks, and online courses, that meet the needs of students and educators. You will work closely with teachers, subject matter experts, and instructional designers to develop content that is engaging, effective, and aligned with educational standards. One of the most exciting aspects of this field is the opportunity to create meaningful and impactful educational materials that can inspire and shape the minds of students all over the world. Imagine designing a science curriculum that sparks a student's interest in biology, or creating an online course that helps someone learn a new language and connect with people from different cultures. Curriculum Developers can specialize in a variety of areas, including math, science, language arts, social studies, and more. They may also work in related fields such as instructional design, educational technology, and e-learning. To become a Curriculum Developer, a bachelor's degree in education, instructional design, or a related field is typically required. Popular majors include education, curriculum and instruction, and instructional design. Additionally, having strong communication skills, creativity, and attention to detail are important personal attributes for success in this field. Job prospects for Curriculum Developers are strong, with demand for educational materials and online learning continuing to grow. Notable employers include educational publishers such as Pearson and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, as well as educational technology companies like Blackboard and Coursera. With the potential to work in both the public and private sectors, the opportunities for a fulfilling and impactful career as a Curriculum Developer are endless.

Are you passionate about making a positive impact on education? Do you want to help shape the future of schools and educational institutions? If so, then the field of Educational Leadership might be the perfect fit for you. Educational Leadership is a dynamic and exciting field that is focused on improving the quality of education and creating effective educational policies. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws on a wide range of subjects, including psychology, sociology, economics, and management. One of the most appealing aspects of Educational Leadership is that it offers a unique opportunity to make a real difference in the lives of students and educators. Educational leaders work at all levels of the education system, from individual schools to entire school districts and even higher education institutions. In recent years, there have been some exciting new developments in Educational Leadership research and innovation. For example, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of data-driven decision making and the use of technology to improve student outcomes. Additionally, there has been a renewed focus on the role of social and emotional learning in education. At the undergraduate level, students typically take courses in areas such as educational policy, school leadership, and curriculum development. There are also opportunities for further specialization in areas such as higher education administration or educational technology. After completing their degree, graduates of Educational Leadership programs are well-positioned for a wide range of careers. Many go on to become school principals or administrators, while others work in policy development or education research. Some graduates also pursue careers in related fields such as nonprofit management or consulting. If you are considering a career in Educational Leadership, there are a few key attributes and skills that can help you succeed. These include strong communication and interpersonal skills, a passion for education, and a willingness to take on leadership roles and make difficult decisions. Some notable employers in the field of Educational Leadership include the United States Department of Education, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and Teach for America. Whether you are interested in working in the public or private sector, there are plenty of exciting opportunities available for graduates of Educational Leadership programs. So if you are looking for a career that combines your passion for education with your desire to make a positive impact, then consider studying Educational Leadership. With its wide range of career opportunities and potential for meaningful work, it just might be the perfect fit for you.

Happiness is a universal human goal. We all want to be happy, but how do we measure it? Happiness is subjective and difficult to quantify. In this write-up, we'll explore the science behind measuring happiness, including relevant academic concepts and leading experts in the field. One way to measure happiness is through self-report surveys. Researchers ask people to rate their level of happiness on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the happiest. One such survey is the World Happiness Report, which measures the happiness of people in over 150 countries. Another approach is to measure physiological indicators of happiness, such as brain activity and facial expressions. Researchers have found that activity in the left prefrontal cortex is associated with positive emotions. Meanwhile, smiling and other positive facial expressions are also indicators of happiness. Leading academics in the field of happiness research include Sonja Lyubomirsky, Ed Diener, and Martin Seligman. Lyubomirsky has researched the impact of positive psychology interventions on happiness, while Diener is known for his work on subjective well-being. Seligman is a pioneer in the field of positive psychology, which focuses on personal growth and well-being. Interestingly, some countries have found innovative ways to measure happiness. For example, Bhutan has created a Gross National Happiness Index, which measures happiness in nine domains, including health, education, and psychological well-being. In conclusion, measuring happiness is a complex and subjective task. However, through self-report surveys, physiological indicators, and innovative approaches, researchers are making strides in understanding what makes people happy. By exploring these academic topics further, high school students can deepen their understanding of happiness and well-being, and apply this knowledge to their own lives.

Brief Psychological Interventions to Enhance Learning. Learn how values affirmation and social belonging exercises can help you overcome demotivating social factors and close the performance gap in higher education.

Are you passionate about making a positive impact on the world? Do you have a special place in your heart for young children? If so, then Early Childhood Education might just be the perfect field of study for you! Early Childhood Education is a fascinating and rewarding field that involves working with children from birth to age eight. This field of study is all about understanding child development, creating safe and nurturing learning environments, and helping children reach their full potential. In recent years, there has been a lot of exciting research and innovation in the field of Early Childhood Education. From new teaching methods to cutting-edge technology, there are always new and exciting ways to help children learn and grow. One of the most well-known academic figures in the field of Early Childhood Education is Maria Montessori. She developed the Montessori method, which emphasizes hands-on learning and self-directed play. Other notable figures in the field include Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and Erik Erikson. If you're interested in studying Early Childhood Education at the undergraduate level, you can expect to take courses in child development, curriculum design, and classroom management. There are also many opportunities for further specialization, such as special education, bilingual education, and early intervention. With a degree in Early Childhood Education, there are many exciting career paths to choose from. You could become a preschool teacher, a kindergarten teacher, a daycare director, or a child development specialist. Some of the top employers in the field include the Walt Disney Company, KinderCare, and the National Head Start Association. To succeed in this field of study, it's important to have a passion for working with children, as well as strong communication and organizational skills. A background in psychology, sociology, or education can also be helpful. In summary, Early Childhood Education is a wonderful field of study that offers a wealth of opportunities to make a positive impact on the lives of young children. Whether you're interested in teaching, research, or advocacy, there's something for everyone in this exciting and dynamic field.

Want to increase your happiness and help others do the same? Join the happiness movement led by Arthur C. Brooks, the Harvard professor and data-driven scholar who has dedicated his career to studying happiness. His seven-week course delves into the philosophy, neuroscience, and social science of human happiness, including the building blocks of happiness like family, career, friendships, and faith. Discover Brooks' secret recipe for happiness, and learn how to apply happiness principles in your life and leadership roles. Join the movement today and spread the word about managing happiness!

Are you interested in understanding the human mind and helping people overcome their mental health struggles? A career in clinical psychology might be just what you're looking for! Clinical psychologists are trained professionals who work with individuals, families, and groups to diagnose and treat mental illnesses and emotional disorders. As a clinical psychologist, you'll have the opportunity to work in various settings, including hospitals, private practices, mental health clinics, and schools. You'll work with patients of all ages and backgrounds, helping them to overcome issues such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. One of the most appealing aspects of this field is the opportunity to make a real difference in people's lives. You'll help patients to develop coping mechanisms, build resilience, and improve their overall quality of life. It's a challenging but incredibly rewarding career that can provide a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Typical duties of a clinical psychologist include conducting assessments, developing treatment plans, providing therapy, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals. There are also many areas of specialization within this field, such as child psychology, forensic psychology, and neuropsychology. To become a clinical psychologist, you'll need to earn a doctoral degree in psychology, which typically takes around 5-7 years to complete. Popular undergraduate programs and majors that can prepare you for this career include psychology, social work, and sociology. Helpful personal attributes for this career include strong communication skills, empathy, and the ability to remain calm and objective in stressful situations. You'll also need to be comfortable with technology, as many clinical psychologists now use teletherapy to connect with patients remotely. Job prospects for clinical psychologists are strong, with a projected growth rate of 14% over the next decade. There are many potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and government agencies. Some notable employers in this field include the National Institute of Mental Health, Kaiser Permanente, and the Mayo Clinic. Overall, a career in clinical psychology can be an incredibly rewarding and fulfilling path. If you're passionate about helping others and have a strong interest in the human mind, this might be the perfect career for you!

Are you interested in helping people navigate through the complexities of relationships and family dynamics? If so, then you might want to consider studying Marriage and Family Therapy. This field of study is all about understanding and improving relationships between individuals, couples, and families. Marriage and Family Therapy is a fascinating field that combines psychology, sociology, and counselling. It is a field that is constantly evolving and adapting to the changing needs of society. For example, did you know that Marriage and Family Therapists are now using technology to provide online therapy sessions to clients all over the world? This is just one example of how this field is innovating to meet the needs of people. One of the most appealing aspects of studying Marriage and Family Therapy is the opportunity to make a real difference in people's lives. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, you will be able to help individuals and families overcome challenges and improve their relationships. For example, you might help a couple who is struggling with communication issues to learn how to communicate more effectively. Or, you might help a family who is dealing with a difficult situation to come together and support each other. There are many well-known academic figures in the field of Marriage and Family Therapy, such as John Gottman and Sue Johnson. These individuals have made significant contributions to the field through their research and innovations. For example, Gottman is known for his research on the predictors of divorce and his development of the Gottman Method of Couples Therapy. At the undergraduate level, students typically take courses in psychology, sociology, and counselling. Some of the modules that students might take include Family Systems Theory, Couples Therapy, and Child and Adolescent Therapy. There are also opportunities for further specialisation in areas such as Sex Therapy or Divorce Mediation. After completing a degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, there are many potential career paths available. Some of the most popular roles include Marriage and Family Therapist, Couples Therapist, and Family Counsellor. Key industries for prospective future employment include healthcare, social services, and education. Some notable and attractive potential employers include the National Health Service (NHS), private practice clinics, and non-profit organisations. To succeed in this field of study, it is important to have excellent communication skills, empathy, and an interest in helping others. Students should also have a strong background in psychology, sociology, and counselling. If you are interested in making a real difference in people's lives and improving relationships, then studying Marriage and Family Therapy might be the perfect fit for you.

Danish schools are using digital platforms to monitor students' well-being and tackle mental health issues. With investments in technology and a Nordic tradition of child-centered education, teachers are using data to address sleep hygiene, mood, and more. With one-quarter of ninth graders reporting self-harm attempts, schools are turning to platforms like Woof to frequently survey students and suggest specific issues to focus on. While some worry about the potential for surveillance, others see technology as an extended pencil and drawing pad, a tool for self-expression and motivation.

Are you someone who loves to listen and help people? Do you enjoy finding solutions to complex problems? If so, a career in Counseling Psychology may be perfect for you! Counseling Psychology is a field that focuses on helping individuals and groups improve their mental health and well-being. As a Counseling Psychologist, you will work with clients to identify and address their emotional, social, and behavioral issues. You will help them develop coping skills, improve their relationships, and achieve their personal goals. One of the most appealing aspects of this field is the opportunity to truly make a positive impact on people's lives. Imagine helping a teenager overcome their anxiety and depression to become a confident and successful adult. Or helping a family navigate a difficult divorce and emerge with a stronger bond. These are just a few examples of the meaningful and rewarding work that Counseling Psychologists do every day. In terms of typical duties, Counseling Psychologists may work in a variety of settings, including private practices, hospitals, schools, and community centers. They may specialize in areas such as marriage and family therapy, substance abuse counseling, or career counseling. Other related fields include social work, psychiatry, and school counseling. To become a Counseling Psychologist, you will typically need to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology, with a focus on Counseling Psychology. Popular undergraduate majors for this field include Psychology, Sociology, and Social Work. Helpful personal attributes include strong communication skills, empathy, and a non-judgmental attitude. Job prospects for Counseling Psychologists are generally positive, with a projected growth rate of 14% over the next decade. Notable potential employers include government agencies, hospitals, and non-profit organizations. Some specific examples include the National Institutes of Health, the Mayo Clinic, and the United Nations. In summary, a career in Counseling Psychology offers the opportunity to make a real difference in people's lives, while also enjoying a fulfilling and rewarding career. If you have a passion for helping others and a desire to improve mental health and well-being, this may be the perfect field for you!

Have you ever found yourself making assumptions or judgments about someone based on their race, gender, or age without even realizing it? You might be surprised to know that these biases could be hidden in your subconscious mind, and the Implicit Association Test (IAT), developed by the social psychologist Anthony Greenwald, aims to uncover them. The IAT is a psychological tool that detects implicit biases, which are attitudes or stereotypes that we hold unconsciously. It works by measuring the speed of your response to stimuli that are associated with different categories, such as race or gender. These subconscious associations may possibly be applied to your belief associations, and reveal any biases you have. For example, if you have a stronger association between the category of "white" and "good" than "black" and "good", you are more likely to have implicit bias against people of color. But the IAT is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the test is not a reliable indicator of implicit bias and that the results can be influenced by various factors, such as familiarity with the task and cultural background. Despite the criticisms, the IAT has sparked a larger conversation about implicit bias and how it can affect our behavior and decision-making. Leading academics in the field, such as the psychologists Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald, have contributed to this discussion by publishing numerous papers and books on the topic. Implicit biases are not the only type of biases, though. By taking the time to explore biases we may have, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, allowing us to make more informed decisions and have meaningful interactions with people despite the differences we may hold.

Have you ever wondered why some foods make you feel happy, while others don't? The field of psychology has a lot to say about our relationship with food and how it affects our emotions, behavior, and well-being. Food is more than just sustenance; it's tied to our memories, cultural background, and experiences. It's not just about nourishing the body, but also about satisfying the mind. The way we think and feel about food is complex, and the psychology of food studies this relationship. Leading academics in the field, such as Dr. Brian Wansink and Dr. Traci Mann, have made significant contributions to our understanding of the psychology of food. They have shown that external factors, such as packaging and portion size, can influence how much we eat. Our environment and the people around us can also play a role in our food choices. For example, eating with friends and family can lead to overeating, while eating alone can lead to under-eating. The mindful eating movement is a growing trend in food psychology, emphasizing the importance of being present and attentive while eating. Mindful eating helps us become more aware of our hunger and fullness cues, allowing us to make healthier food choices. It also helps us savor and enjoy our food more, reducing the likelihood of overeating. While there are many benefits to the mindful eating movement, it also has its drawbacks. Some people find it challenging to be mindful while eating, especially in a fast-paced and busy world. Additionally, the emphasis on mindful eating can lead to feelings of guilt or shame for those who struggle to practice it consistently. The psychology of food has important implications for our health and well-being. Understanding our relationship with food can help us make better food choices and lead a more fulfilling life. Here are some ideas for ways to explore the psychology of food further: -

Unlock your potential with self-affirmation! Stanford researchers have found that minority middle school students who complete self-affirmation exercises focusing on core values are more likely to pursue college tracks in school. With higher GPAs and a greater chance of enrolling in college, self-affirmation can trigger powerful long-term effects.