The French Enlightenment's brightest stars assembled to produce the first encyclopedia, a rational dictionary of the arts, sciences, and crafts. The encyclopedia is a testament to France's crisis of authority, evidence of popular opinions migration from pulpit and pew to cafe, salon, and press. The encyclopedia is many things: a cornerstone of the Enlightenment, a key statement of the French Enlightenment, and a masterpiece that is irrepressibly human. The work is based on the mind's approaches to reality: memory, reason, and imagination. Organizing the work, Diderot adapted Francis Bacon's "Classification of Knowledge" into a three-part system. He emphasized the importance of commerce, technology, and crafts, poking around shops to study the tools and techniques of Parisian laborers. The encyclopedia is a must-read for students interested in history, philosophy, and the arts. It is a treasure trove of knowledge that will inspire you to explore academic topics independently through reading, reflection, writing, and self-directed projects.

"War and Peace" may seem like an intimidating tome, but it is a thrilling examination of history populated with deep and realistic characters. This epic novel by Tolstoy explores the interconnected lives of aristocrats in Russia on the eve of war with France. While the characters and their psychologies are gripping, Tolstoy is not afraid to interrupt the narrative to pose insightful questions about history, culture, philosophy, psychology, and the human response to war. This panoramic scope makes "War and Peace" a unique and valuable work of literature. By reading this book, students can gain a deeper understanding of history and its impact on society, as well as develop their critical thinking skills. So, don't be intimidated by its length, "War and Peace" is a worthwhile read that can broaden your intellectual horizons.

Are you looking for insights into China's strategic tradition and universal military truths? Look no further than Sunzi's "Art of War". This military classic has been mined for wisdom by military and business leaders alike, but to truly understand its unique perspective, readers must approach it from the worldview of its author. In this fascinating article from The Conversation, a researcher delves into the Daoist roots of Sunzi's philosophy and explains how understanding the concept of 'shì' and acting with "wúwéi" can help leaders nurture potential and achieve success.

Virgil's Aeneid is a timeless masterpiece that has influenced writers for over 2,000 years. This epic poem tells the story of Aeneas, who flees the ruins of Troy to find the city of Rome and change the course of Western literature. Caught between love and duty, Aeneas is a searching portrait of human feeling and the force of fate. Filled with drama, passion, and universal pathos, the Aeneid is a book for all people and all time. Discover the epic that has inspired generations of writers and shaped the Western literary canon. Recommended for lovers of classical literature, history, and mythology, Virgil's Aeneid is a must-read for anyone interested in the foundations of Western culture. This epic poem tells the story of Aeneas, a hero caught between love and duty, embarks on a perilous voyage to establish a new home in Italy. The Aeneid has influenced writers for over 2,000 years and continues to be a source of inspiration for contemporary literature. This book is particularly relevant to students of literature, history, and philosophy, as well as anyone interested in the enduring legacy of the ancient world.

Colonial history is a complex and often painful subject, involving the histories and legacies of colonization, empire, and slavery. In recent years, the concept of colonial history revisionism has been in the spotlight, as scholars, activists, and communities have challenged traditional narratives and sought to center the experiences of those who have been marginalized or silenced. In this write-up, we will explore the key concepts and debates around colonial history revisionism, as well as the contributions of leading academics in the field. Colonial history revisionism involves questioning and re-examining traditional narratives of colonization, empire, and slavery. This can include challenging dominant perspectives that have centered white, European perspectives, and silencing or marginalizing the voices of colonized peoples and enslaved Africans. Revisionism also involves looking at the ways in which colonial legacies continue to shape our world today, from economic inequality to systemic racism. One of the key debates within colonial history revisionism is around the concept of "decolonization." This term refers to the process of undoing the effects of colonization and centering the voices and experiences of colonized peoples. However, there is debate around what decolonization looks like in practice, and whether it is possible within existing structures of power. There are many academics who have contributed to the field of colonial history revisionism. One of the most influential is Edward Said, who wrote extensively on the concept of Orientalism and the ways in which Western perspectives have shaped the study of the "Orient." Another important figure is Frantz Fanon, who wrote about the psychological effects of colonization on the colonized, and the need for a "decolonization of the mind." More recent scholars include Saidiya Hartman, who explores the experiences of enslaved Africans and their descendants, and Jemima Pierre, who looks at the connections between colonialism and the global economy. In conclusion, colonial history revisionism is a vital field of study that challenges traditional narratives and center the voices and experiences of those who have been marginalized or silenced. By exploring this area further, students can deepen their understanding of colonial history and its legacies, and contribute to ongoing efforts to decolonize our world.

"James Joyce's "Ulysses" is a literary masterpiece that is considered one of the hardest works of literature to read. But don't be discouraged! The book's unique style and range of literary techniques make it enjoyable and rewarding to read. Each chapter is written in a different style, and the book is filled with allusions and references to everything from medieval philosophy to Dublin slang. It's a funny book that has both highbrow intellectual humor and lowbrow dirty jokes. Reading "Ulysses" is like taking a tour of Dublin in 1904, with shockingly accurate details of the place and time. Don't worry if some sections seem impenetrable at first glance; it's up to you to dig in and discover the encyclopedic treasure trove of this book. Reading "Ulysses" will not only expand your intellectual horizons, but also give you a glimpse into the complexity and humor of life itself."

Annie Ernaux's uncompromising honesty and ability to give words to hard experiences has earned her the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her work explores personal memory, class, and French society at large, and has been adapted into feature-length films. Despite being a favorite for years, Ernaux is only the 17th woman and the first French woman to win the award. The Nobel Prize is widely considered to be the greatest honor a writer can achieve, and is worth almost $900,000.

Do you ever wonder about the stories and poems from thousands of years ago that still captivate us today? Ancient literature is a treasure trove of rich, timeless tales and powerful, thought-provoking works. Academic terms such as epic, tragedy, and mythology are integral parts of the study of ancient literature. An epic is a long narrative poem that typically recounts the deeds and adventures of a legendary hero or heroes. The Iliad by Homer is considered one of the greatest epic poems in Western literature and explores the themes of heroism, pride, and the consequences of war. On the other hand, a tragedy is a play or literary work that depicts a serious and often catastrophic event, usually resulting in the downfall of the protagonist. Oedipus Rex by Sophocles is a prime example of a tragedy and explores the themes of fate, destiny, and the consequences of actions. Mythology refers to a collection of traditional stories, usually of supernatural beings and events, that serve to explain the beliefs, customs, or natural phenomena of a particular culture. Ancient Greece and Rome were rich in mythology, with stories such as the tale of King Midas and his golden touch, or the story of Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, still captivating audiences today. Leading academics in the field of ancient literature have made significant contributions to our understanding of this rich and diverse genre. Classical scholar Mary Lefkowitz has studied the impact of ancient Greek literature on modern Western culture, particularly the way in which ancient myths and stories continue to influence contemporary society. Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, on the other hand, has written about the eternal themes found in ancient literature and their relevance to contemporary life, such as the timeless struggle between good and evil, the search for meaning and purpose, and the consequences of human actions. These leading academics have helped to deepen our understanding of ancient literature, its themes, and its impact on modern society. By studying the works of these experts, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the timeless and universal nature of ancient literature and its continued relevance today.

The Irish myth of Oisí­n's journey to Tír na nÓg tells the story of a hero who embarks on an adventure to a magical land where time stands still, and the people never age. Oisí­n's every need is met, and he experiences glory and pleasure beyond his wildest dreams. However, after three years, he yearns for home and returns to Ireland, only to find that 300 years have passed, and everything he knew is gone. This myth highlights the themes of adventure, love, and the consequences of our choices. It challenges us to reflect on what we value most in life and the importance of cherishing the present moment. By exploring this myth, students can develop critical thinking and writing skills, gain historical and cultural knowledge, and learn valuable life lessons that can help them navigate their own hero's journey.

Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston is a novel about a Black woman's quest for love and agency in a time that sought to deprive her of both. The story takes place during a time when women had little to no agency, and Janie's life is full of complicated characters who demand different kinds of love and submission. Despite the loneliness of her situation, Janie navigates these trials with defiance and curiosity. Her questions and commentary push back in subtle, clever ways. As the reader follows Janie's journey from childhood to middle age, her confidence becomes infectious. Through Hurston's empathetic storytelling, she invites us into Janie's life and the lives of so many other women. This novel explores themes of family, marriage, spirituality, and more, and encourages readers to live honestly and be truly loved in return.

Travel back in time to the Enlightenment era and discover how European thinkers envisioned the future of their continent. Uncover the thoughts of famous philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Kant, as well as lesser-known voices, in the new book The Idea of Europe: Enlightenment Perspectives. Immerse yourself in debates on political unity, military power, and trade that still ring true today.

The Canterbury Tales, one of the most esteemed works of English literature, seamlessly blends the lofty and the lowly in a collection of 24 stories told by a talkative cast of characters. Written in Middle English, the Tales are a vivid record of the different ways Medieval audiences entertained themselves. The varied dialects, genres, and literary tropes make the work a compelling read for everyone, with something for every reader. Chaucer uses the quirks of the characters' language to satirize their worldviews, and no level of society is above mockery. The Canterbury Tales is a great way to learn about the different social classes and the professional class of merchants and intellectuals that emerged in Medieval society. By reading and understanding this work, students can develop their critical thinking skills and gain a deeper understanding of the English language and its evolution.

Do you have a passion for exploring the complexities of human culture and society? Are you fascinated by the way people from different backgrounds interact and communicate with each other? If so, then the field of Cultural Studies might just be the perfect fit for you! Cultural Studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the study of culture and society. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including art, literature, film, music, media, and popular culture. The field explores how cultural practices, beliefs, and values shape our understanding of the world around us. One of the most appealing aspects of Cultural Studies is its relevance to real-life situations. For example, Cultural Studies scholars have examined how popular culture reflects and reinforces societal norms and values. They have also analyzed how media representations of certain groups can influence our perceptions and attitudes towards them. In terms of research and innovation, Cultural Studies has produced some groundbreaking work. For example, Stuart Hall, a prominent Cultural Studies scholar, introduced the concept of "cultural identity" and how it is constructed through language and representation. Another notable figure in the field is bell hooks, who has written extensively on issues of race, gender, and class in popular culture. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Cultural Studies include courses in media studies, literary studies, and cultural theory. Students can also specialize in areas such as gender studies, postcolonial studies, and visual culture. For example, a student interested in gender studies might take a course on the representation of women in film, while a student interested in postcolonial studies might study the impact of colonialism on cultural production. In terms of potential future careers, Cultural Studies graduates can find employment in a variety of fields. They may work in media and communications, advertising, or public relations. They may also go on to work in the non-profit sector, in areas such as cultural advocacy or community development. Some notable employers in these fields include the BBC, the United Nations, and the Smithsonian Institution. To succeed in Cultural Studies, it is helpful to have strong critical thinking skills and an interest in social justice issues. Students should also have a passion for exploring different cultural perspectives and be open to new ideas and experiences. In conclusion, Cultural Studies is a fascinating and rewarding field of study that offers a unique perspective on the world around us. Whether you're interested in pursuing a career in media, advocacy, or academia, Cultural Studies can provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to succeed. So why not explore this exciting field today?

Step into the world of ancient Greek tragedy with Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. Dr. Lisa Marie Portugal's 2018 edition offers a fresh take on this timeless play, exploring themes of fate, free will, and the consequences of unchecked power. With school discounts available, this edition is perfect for students looking to delve into the classics or for teachers seeking to incorporate new and personalized compilations into their curriculum. Don't miss out on the opportunity to explore this captivating work and its enduring relevance to modern society. Recommended for students of literature, history, and philosophy, as well as anyone interested in exploring the timeless themes of fate, free will, and the consequences of unchecked power. Sophocles' Oedipus Rex is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the foundations of Western thought and the enduring relevance of Greek tragedy. Dr. Lisa Marie Portugal's 2018 edition offers a unique and personalized compilation of this classic work, making it an excellent resource for teachers looking to incorporate new material into their curriculum. With school discounts available, this edition is the perfect addition to any classroom or personal library.

The study of Classics is an exciting and dynamic field that brings together the study of ancient languages, literature, history, philosophy, art, and culture. It offers a unique opportunity to explore the foundations of Western civilization and understand the ways in which our modern world has been shaped by the ideas and events of the past. One of the most interesting aspects of studying Classics is the opportunity to explore the lives of some of the most fascinating figures from the ancient world. From the enigmatic philosopher Socrates, to the powerful conqueror Alexander the Great, to the revolutionary poet Sappho, there are countless stories of heroism, tragedy, and inspiration to discover. At the same time, the study of Classics is also a field of cutting-edge research and innovation. Scholars are constantly uncovering new information about the ancient world through groundbreaking discoveries, such as the recent discovery of the lost city of Tenea in Greece. These findings help us to better understand the context in which ancient texts were written, and shed new light on the lives of those who lived in the ancient world. At the undergraduate level, students of Classics typically take a range of modules in ancient language, literature, history, and philosophy. Some of the most popular majors within the field include Classical Studies, Greek and Roman Civilization, and Archaeology. Students can also choose to specialize in a particular area, such as Ancient Greek Drama or Roman Architecture. Studying Classics can prepare students for a wide range of future careers. For those interested in pursuing a career in academia, a degree in Classics can be an excellent foundation for further study in fields such as history, literature, or philosophy. However, the skills and knowledge gained through the study of Classics are also highly valued in fields such as law, journalism, and publishing, where the ability to think critically, analyze complex texts, and write persuasively is essential. Some of the key industries for prospective future employment include education, research, heritage management, and cultural tourism. Notable employers in these fields include the British Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the Getty Center, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. To succeed in the field of Classics, students should possess a passion for learning and an interest in exploring the ideas and events of the past. Strong language skills, critical thinking abilities, and a creative and imaginative approach to problem-solving are also important. If you're interested in exploring the field of Classics further, here are some ideas: Visit a local museum or art gallery and explore the ancient artifacts on display. Read a classic work of literature, such as the Iliad or the Odyssey, in translation. Watch a film or TV series set in the ancient world, such as Gladiator or Rome. Attend a lecture or seminar on a topic in ancient history or literature. Learn a new ancient language, such as Latin or Ancient Greek, and read a work of literature in the original.

Discover the ancient Greek and Roman city organization through the fresh and accurate perspective of Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges' 1864 masterpiece, La Cité antique. Unlike other post-Classical histories, Fustel de Coulanges drew upon physical evidence and ancient documents to reveal the religious, family, and civic life of Periclean Athens and Rome during the time of Cicero. This fascinating sociological account highlights the significance of kinship and the cult of family hearth and ancestors to ancient Hellenic and Latin urban culture, tracing their gradual decline to the spread of Christianity. Explore the rise of family-centered pagan belief systems through Fustel's striking prose style and ingenuity of interpretation. Recommended for history enthusiasts, sociologists, and anyone interested in ancient cultures, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges' La Cité antique offers a fresh and accurate perspective on the religious, family, and civic life of Periclean Athens and Rome during the time of Cicero. This fascinating sociological account chronicles the rise of family-centered pagan belief systems and their gradual decline to the spread of Christianity. With its unique approach, the book draws upon physical evidence and ancient documents to reveal the significance of kinship and the cult of family hearth and ancestors to ancient Hellenic and Latin urban culture. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the roots of modern Western civilization.

The history of dumplings is a fascinating academic concept that can inspire students to explore the cultural roots and evolution of food. Dumplings have been around for over a thousand years and have been spread around the world by nomadic Turkic peoples. The relationship between Chinese dumplings and those in other areas such as Turkey, Eastern Europe, and Korea is tricky to trace, but food historians have made their best guesses based on available clues. Learning about the history of dumplings can provide students with a deeper understanding of the cultural exchange and migration of people, as well as the evolution of food and cooking techniques. It can also inspire students to explore their own culinary heritage and create their own unique recipes.

Greek tragedy is a classic story pattern that has captivated audiences for thousands of years. It involves a tragic hero who is elevated in rank and ability, but also relatable. The hero has a tragic flaw, such as ambition or excessive pride, that leads to a critical mistake and their downfall. This pattern is seen in works such as Sophocles's "Oedipus Rex," where the tragic hero's mistake is made in complete ignorance. The point of these tragic events is to evoke fear and pity in the audience, allowing for emotional release and purification. Learning about these principles can help students understand the allure of storytelling and the importance of character flaws. It can also serve as a reminder that no matter how bad things get, at least you didn't kill your father and marry your mother.

Meet "Black Douglas," a once notorious Australian criminal whose true identity and epic life story have been uncovered. Dr Meg Foster from Cambridge University debunks myths and shares the story of an intelligent survivor who defied societal structures and constantly refashioned himself.

Words have the power to tell stories, and even a single word can reveal a lot about our history and culture. By studying the origins and evolution of a word, we can learn about ourselves and the world around us. The oldest words in present-day English come from Old English, which was first spoken over 1500 years ago. The word "true" is an example of a word with a rich history that can be traced back to the concept of faithfulness and trust, which was associated with trees in ancient times. Trees have been revered in many cultures throughout history, and planting a tree is an act of faith and commitment. Just as trees witness our histories, the stories of words capture the rains and sunshine of generations. By exploring the stories of words, we can gain a deeper understanding of our past and present.