Did you know that the simple act of petting a dog or cat can lower your blood pressure, reduce anxiety, and even improve your immune system? It’s no surprise that animals have been our companions for centuries, providing comfort, love, and companionship. Research has shown that owning a pet can have a profound impact on our emotional wellbeing. For example, one study found that owning a pet can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with mental health conditions. Another study found that spending time with animals can increase the levels of oxytocin, a hormone associated with bonding and social connection, in our brains. So why do animals have such a positive impact on our emotional wellbeing? According to Dr. James Serpell, professor of animal welfare at the University of Pennsylvania, animals offer us a sense of unconditional love and acceptance, something that can be hard to find in human relationships. They also provide a sense of purpose and responsibility, which can give us a sense of meaning and fulfillment. Animals are being used more and more in various forms of therapy. For example, animal-assisted therapy (AAT) involves trained animals, usually dogs, cats, or horses, and a trained handler to help people with physical, emotional, or cognitive challenges. Research has found that AAT can improve mood, reduce anxiety and depression, and improve social skills and communication in people with a range of conditions. So, whether it’s a furry friend at home or an animal-assisted therapy session, animals play a vital role in our emotional wellbeing. Next time you’re feeling down, consider spending time with a pet, or volunteering at an animal shelter. Your emotional health will thank you!

As global trade and travel continue to increase, border customs play a crucial role in protecting countries from the introduction of harmful food, plants, and animals. But why are some countries so strict on prohibition or quarantining of these items? One reason is to prevent the spread of invasive species. The species that are not native to a particular ecosystem and can cause harm to the native flora and fauna. For example, the introduction of the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes region of North America caused significant harm to the native species and infrastructure. Another reason is to prevent the spread of diseases. In recent years, the spread of diseases like avian influenza and swine flu have been linked to the movement of animals and animal products across borders. Leading academics in the field of border customs and quarantine regulations include Dr. John Goolsby and Dr. Maria Rodriguez. Dr. Goolsby has written extensively on the importance of border security in preventing the spread of disease and pests, while Dr. Rodriguez has focused on the economic impact of quarantine regulations on global trade. Specific academic terms and concepts relevant to border customs include biosecurity, invasive species, and phytosanitary regulations. Biosecurity refers to measures taken to prevent the introduction and spread of harmful diseases, pests, and invasive species. Invasive species are non-native plants and animals that can cause harm to native species and disrupt ecosystems. Phytosanitary regulations refer to the measures taken to prevent the spread of plant diseases and pests. Border customs play a vital role in ensuring that our ecosystems remain healthy and protected. They prevent the spread of harmful diseases and pests, protect native species, and maintain the balance of our ecosystems.

Are you passionate about animals and the environment? Do you want to make a difference in the world while doing something you love? If so, a career in Wildlife Conservation might be just what you're looking for! Wildlife Conservation is a field that focuses on protecting and preserving the natural habitats and ecosystems of animals around the world. This can involve anything from monitoring animal populations and studying their behavior to working with communities to promote sustainable living practices. One of the most appealing aspects of this career is the opportunity to work with a wide variety of animals, from majestic elephants and lions to tiny insects and birds. Imagine spending your days in the great outdoors, observing and interacting with some of the most fascinating creatures on the planet! As a Wildlife Conservationist, your duties might include conducting research and surveys to gather data on animal populations, designing and implementing conservation programs and strategies, and collaborating with other professionals in related fields such as ecology, environmental science, and zoology. There are also a number of specializations within the field of Wildlife Conservation, including wildlife rehabilitation, wildlife law enforcement, and wildlife education and outreach. No matter what your interests or skills, there is sure to be a niche within this field that is perfect for you. To pursue a career in Wildlife Conservation, you will typically need a bachelor's degree in a related field such as biology, ecology, or environmental science. Popular majors for aspiring conservationists include Wildlife Biology, Conservation Biology, and Environmental Studies. In addition to a strong academic background, there are a number of personal attributes that can be helpful in this field. These include a love of nature and the outdoors, strong communication and interpersonal skills, and a passion for making a positive impact on the world. Job prospects in Wildlife Conservation are strong, with a projected growth rate of 4% over the next decade. There are a number of potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including government agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and non-profit organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund and the Jane Goodall Institute. So if you're ready to embark on an exciting and rewarding career that allows you to make a difference in the world, consider a career in Wildlife Conservation. With so many opportunities to explore and so many animals to protect, the possibilities are truly endless!

Do you have a passion for animals and a desire to make a difference in their lives? If so, a career in veterinary medicine might be the perfect fit for you! As a veterinarian, you'll have the opportunity to work with a wide variety of animals, from household pets to exotic species, and help them stay healthy and happy. One of the most appealing aspects of a career in veterinary medicine is the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the lives of animals and their owners. Whether you're helping a sick pet recover from an illness or injury, performing routine check-ups to ensure their ongoing health, or even conducting research to advance our understanding of animal health and disease, the work you do as a veterinarian can have a profound impact on the world around you. As a veterinarian, your duties may include a wide range of activities, from diagnosing and treating illnesses and injuries to performing surgeries and providing preventative care. You may also choose to specialize in a particular area of veterinary medicine, such as surgery, oncology, or emergency medicine, among others. To become a veterinarian, you'll typically need to complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from an accredited veterinary school. Popular undergraduate majors for aspiring veterinarians include biology, animal science, and pre-veterinary studies, among others. In addition to your formal education, you'll also need to pass a licensing exam in order to practice as a veterinarian. Helpful personal attributes for a career in veterinary medicine include a love of animals, strong communication skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well under pressure. Whether you're working in a private practice, a research laboratory, or a government agency, you'll need to be able to communicate effectively with clients, colleagues, and other stakeholders in order to achieve your goals. Job prospects for veterinarians are generally strong, with a variety of potential employers in both the public and private sectors. Some popular employers for veterinarians include animal hospitals and clinics, research laboratories, government agencies, and zoos and aquariums, among others. With a growing focus on animal health and welfare around the world, the long-term outlook for careers in veterinary medicine is bright, with plenty of opportunities for growth and advancement in the years to come.

Discover the origin of Australia's devastating 'rabbit plague' with new genetic proof! An international team of researchers has finally settled the debate about whether the invasion arose from one source or multiple introductions, tracing the ancestry of Australia's invasive rabbit population back to the South-West of England. Join the journey to uncover the mystery of how a single batch of English rabbits triggered this biological invasion.

Did you know that parrots are one of the few animals that can mimic human speech? But how do they do it? Parrots have a specialized anatomy that allows them to shape sounds with their tongues and beaks, just like us. Learning about parrot speech can teach us about the complexity of animal communication and the unique adaptations that allow parrots to talk. It's fascinating to learn about the social lives of these highly intelligent birds and how their ability to mimic sounds has helped them survive in the wild. By exploring this topic, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the natural world and the wonders of animal behavior.

Are you an animal lover with a passion for science? Then Pre-Veterinary Medicine might just be the perfect field of study for you! Pre-Veterinary Medicine is the study of animal health and welfare, and it covers a wide range of topics from animal anatomy and physiology to nutrition and disease prevention. One of the most appealing aspects of this field is the opportunity to work with animals on a daily basis. Whether you're assisting with surgery, performing routine check-ups, or helping to rehabilitate injured animals, you'll have the chance to make a real difference in the lives of our furry friends. Pre-Veterinary Medicine is also a field of study that is constantly evolving. Researchers are always discovering new ways to improve animal health, and there are many exciting innovations happening in the field. For example, scientists are now using stem cells to treat a variety of animal diseases, and there is ongoing research into the use of gene editing to prevent hereditary conditions. If you're interested in pursuing a degree in Pre-Veterinary Medicine, you can expect to take courses in subjects like biology, chemistry, and animal science. Some popular majors include Animal Science, Veterinary Technology, and Pre-Veterinary Medicine. After completing your undergraduate degree, you may choose to specialize in a particular area of veterinary medicine, such as surgery, dentistry, or emergency medicine. One of the great things about studying Pre-Veterinary Medicine is that it can lead to a wide range of career opportunities. Of course, many graduates go on to become veterinarians, working in private practices or for organizations like the Humane Society. But there are also many other careers that are directly related to this field, such as animal nutritionist, wildlife biologist, or animal behaviorist. And if you're interested in working for a specific company or organization, there are many notable employers in this field, such as the ASPCA, the World Wildlife Fund, and the National Park Service. To succeed in Pre-Veterinary Medicine, you'll need to have a strong background in science and a genuine love of animals. You'll also need to be patient, compassionate, and able to work well under pressure. If you have these qualities, then Pre-Veterinary Medicine might just be the perfect field of study for you!

From literal horsepower to inspiring art, horses have had a profound impact on human culture. Recent DNA studies shed light on their domestication, but the process remains complex. Discover the fascinating history of these majestic animals and their role in shaping our world.

Microplastics are everywhere, including in the food we eat. New research on seabirds suggests that plastic pollution affects gut microbiomes, potentially harming animals and humans. The study reveals the wide spectrum of adverse effects that we get from plastic pollution, from toxicity to physical injury and now, microbiome disruption. Learn more about the impact of plastic pollution on animals and humans in this eye-opening study.

Are you curious about how cows digest their food? Did you know that they regurgitate and chew their food multiple times before swallowing? A research team including the University of Göttingen has discovered that this process helps protect cows' teeth from being worn down by hard grit, sand, and dust. To learn more about this fascinating process and its evolutionary implications, check out the article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS).

Ecuador's high court recently issued a landmark ruling that recognizes the legal rights of wild animals to exist and be free from cruelty, fear, and distress. The ruling was based on the country's "rights of nature" laws and was applied to a case involving a woolly monkey named Estrellita. The court found that the monkey's rights were violated when she was removed from her natural environment and placed in a private residence and later in a zoo. The ruling marks the first application of the "rights of nature" to a wild animal, and the decision has implications for other countries and their approach to animal welfare.

From lizards to hippos, animals of all kinds bask in the sun to regulate their body temperature, conserve energy, and even fight off infections. Discover the fascinating reasons behind this behavior and how it helps different species survive in their environments.

Do you love animals and have a passion for science? If so, a career in Veterinary Medicine may be the perfect fit for you! As a veterinarian, you will have the opportunity to work with a variety of animals, from small pets to large farm animals, and even exotic creatures. One of the most appealing aspects of this career is the ability to make a difference in the lives of animals and their owners. Imagine being able to diagnose and treat a sick animal, helping them recover and return to their happy and healthy selves. Or, being able to perform life-saving surgeries and procedures that give animals a second chance at life. As a veterinarian, your typical duties may include performing routine check-ups and vaccinations, diagnosing and treating illnesses and injuries, performing surgeries, and providing preventative care. You may also have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as surgery, dentistry, or dermatology. To become a veterinarian, you will need to complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree, which typically takes four years to complete. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include biology, animal science, and zoology. In addition to a strong educational background, helpful personal attributes for a career in Veterinary Medicine include compassion, attention to detail, and strong communication skills. Job prospects for veterinarians are strong, with a projected growth rate of 16% over the next decade. There are a variety of potential employers, including private practices, animal hospitals, and government agencies. Notable employers include Banfield Pet Hospital, VCA Animal Hospitals, and the United States Department of Agriculture. In summary, a career in Veterinary Medicine offers the opportunity to combine your love for animals with your passion for science. With strong job prospects and the ability to make a difference in the lives of animals and their owners, this career path is both rewarding and fulfilling.

Yawning is not just a sign of tiredness, it's also an example of emotional contagion, where we tend to share the feelings of the people around us. Mimicry and emotional contagion help us intuit the thoughts and feelings of the people in our social circle, forming the basis of empathy. Even children with autism start to yawn when coaxed into looking at the eyes and mouth of a yawner. Evidence from chimpanzees suggests that yawning spreads when empathy exists between two chimps. We feel more empathy for people in our social groups than for strangers, and the brain mechanisms that support contagious yawning may help maintain relationships too. So, don't hold back on the yawns, as it's probably a sign of good social skills. Understanding emotional contagion and mimicry can help us develop better empathy and social skills, which are essential for building strong relationships both personally and professionally.

Sea otters were once hunted to near extinction for their dense fur. But since their protection in the early 20th century, they have made a remarkable recovery, with reintroductions leading to a population boom. However, their return has enraged shellfish divers who see the marine mammal's legendary appetite as a threat to their livelihoods. Explore the controversy surrounding the sea otter's recovery and the challenges of coexisting with this charismatic creature.

Pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, are essential to our planet's biodiversity. They facilitate the reproduction of flowering plants, which in turn support other wildlife and contribute to the overall health of ecosystems. Sadly, pollinators face numerous threats, including habitat loss, pesticides, and climate change. In this write-up, we'll explore the vital role of pollinators in biodiversity conservation, as well as the challenges they face. First, let's define biodiversity. It refers to the variety of life on Earth, including different species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity within species. Pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining this diversity by helping plants reproduce. Over 75% of the world's food crops depend on pollinators, and they also support the growth of wildflowers and other plants that provide habitat for other animals. But pollinators are in trouble. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), over 16% of vertebrate pollinators, such as birds and bats, are threatened with extinction. In addition, around 40% of invertebrate pollinator species, such as bees and butterflies, are facing the same fate. One leading academic in this field is Dr. Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex. He has conducted extensive research on the importance of pollinators and the threats they face. In his book, "The Garden Jungle," he emphasizes the role of urban gardens in supporting pollinators and other wildlife. Another academic, Dr. Rachael Winfree from Rutgers University, has studied the impact of habitat fragmentation on pollinator communities. Her research shows that smaller patches of habitat can still support pollinators, but it's crucial to have a diversity of plants and habitats available. So, what can we do to help pollinators? There are many actions we can take, from planting pollinator-friendly gardens to reducing pesticide use. We can also support organizations that work to protect pollinators, such as the Xerces Society and the Pollinator Partnership. In conclusion, pollinators play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, but they face numerous threats. By learning more about pollinators and taking action to protect them, we can help to ensure a healthy and diverse planet for future generations.

Are you an animal lover? Do you enjoy learning about the complexities of the natural world and its inhabitants? Then a career in Animal Sciences may be perfect for you! As an Animal Scientist, you will have the opportunity to study and improve the lives of animals, as well as make a positive impact on our planet. Animal Sciences is a broad field that covers various aspects of animal life, from their genetics and nutrition to their behavior and welfare. In this field, you could work in a range of areas such as agriculture, animal behavior, animal welfare, zoology, conservation, and more. Animal Scientists use their knowledge to make informed decisions that promote the well-being of animals, humans, and the environment. Some of the interesting and meaningful aspects of this field include studying the behavior of wild animals, discovering new species, or working to improve the quality of life for domesticated animals. For example, animal scientists can work to develop new methods of farming, breeding, or managing animal health to improve food production and quality. They may also be involved in the development of vaccines or treatments for animal diseases or work to minimize the environmental impact of animal agriculture. There are a variety of potential duties within the field of Animal Sciences, including conducting research, developing new methods of animal management, analyzing animal genetics, developing animal nutrition programs, and more. You may choose to specialize in one particular area, such as animal nutrition or animal behavior, or work in a broader role. To become an Animal Scientist, you will typically need a Bachelor's degree in Animal Science, Biology, Zoology, or a related field. Many universities offer undergraduate programs in Animal Sciences that cover topics such as animal genetics, physiology, nutrition, and welfare. Some popular and relevant undergraduate majors include animal science, veterinary science, biology, and zoology. Helpful personal attributes for this field include a love for animals, strong critical thinking skills, attention to detail, and a desire to continuously learn and improve. Excellent communication and collaboration skills are also important as you may be working in a team with other scientists, veterinarians, and animal handlers. The job prospects for Animal Scientists are strong and continue to grow as the demand for food production and animal welfare increases. There are a range of potential employers in both the public and private sectors around the world, such as research institutions, universities, pharmaceutical companies, zoos and aquariums, government agencies, and private farms. Some notable examples of potential employers include the National Institutes of Health, the World Wildlife Fund, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Have you ever wondered why some animals are bigger than others? Or why some animals live longer or reproduce faster than others? These differences are due to an animal's life-history traits, which can have a significant impact on its chances of survival and reproductive success in different environments. Body size, for example, can affect an animal's ability to find food, avoid predators, and regulate its body temperature. Larger animals may have an advantage in colder environments, where they can retain heat more efficiently, while smaller animals may have an advantage in warmer environments, where they can cool down more easily. In terms of reproduction, larger animals may have more mating opportunities, while smaller animals may have a higher reproductive rate and produce more offspring. Lifespan is another important life-history trait. Some animals, like turtles and whales, can live for many decades, while others, like insects and rodents, have much shorter lifespans. Long-lived animals may have a better chance of surviving through periods of environmental change or fluctuation, while short-lived animals may be able to reproduce more quickly and take advantage of favorable conditions. Reproductive rate is a third key life-history trait. Some animals, like rabbits and mice, can have many offspring in a short period of time, while others, like elephants and humans, have fewer offspring over longer periods of time. High reproductive rates can help animals respond quickly to environmental changes or take advantage of favorable conditions, while low reproductive rates can lead to more parental investment in each offspring and a better chance of survival. So, how do these life-history traits affect animal survival and reproductive success in different environments? To answer this question, scientists study a variety of different animal species and environments, using techniques like field observations, experiments, and modeling. They also use tools like life tables, which show how an animal's survival and reproductive rates change over time, and population models, which predict how a population will change over time based on different factors. Leading scientists in this field include Susan M. C. Clegg, a researcher at the University of Exeter, who studies how life-history traits affect bird populations, and Steven C. Stearns, a professor at Yale University, who has written extensively on life-history theory and evolution. In conclusion, life-history traits play a crucial role in determining an animal's chances of survival and reproductive success. By exploring the fascinating world of life-history traits, students can gain a deeper understanding of how evolution works and how organisms adapt to their environments.

Citizen scientists in Denmark have discovered the oldest scientifically-confirmed European hedgehog, living for 16 years, 7 years longer than the previous record holder. However, the average age of hedgehogs was only around two years, with many dying before their first birthday due to road accidents. Interestingly, male hedgehogs lived longer than females, despite being more likely to be killed in traffic. The research also investigated the impact of inbreeding on hedgehog lifespan, with surprising results. Discover the secrets of hedgehog longevity and conservation efforts in this fascinating study.

Billions of animals are raised and slaughtered in factory farms every year, in conditions likely to cause extreme suffering. Many experts believe animals have conscious experiences and can experience pain. We tend to value the suffering of humans more than animals, which could be a form of "speciesism". There are things we can do to help solve this problem, including persuading people to change their diets, lobbying for better welfare standards for animals, and developing alternatives to animal products. Cost-effectiveness analyses suggest there are opportunities to have large-scale positive impacts on animal welfare, with corporate campaigns seeming particularly promising.