The Panic Virus by Seth Mnookin is a gripping medical mystery that delves into the limits of rational thought. It explores the shocking allegation that the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine might cause autism, and how this myth has persisted despite a lack of evidence. Mnookin interviews parents, scientists, public-health advocates, and anti-vaccine activists to uncover the truth behind this devastating health scare. The book is a fascinating cautionary tale that sheds light on how conspiracy theories persist, and how our beliefs can have real-world consequences. Recommended for students interested in science, public health, and critical thinking, The Panic Virus is a must-read for anyone concerned about the impact of misinformation on our society. This book is particularly relevant for those pursuing careers in medicine, journalism, or advocacy, as it highlights the importance of evidence-based research and responsible reporting. It also has broader implications for anyone interested in understanding how beliefs are formed, and how they can shape our actions and policies. The Panic Virus is a powerful reminder of the need for rigorous inquiry and responsible communication in today's world.

Get ready to revolutionize the way we treat cancer and age-related diseases! A new company, GlioQuell, co-founded by Dr. Kambiz Alavian from the Department of Brain Sciences, is developing a cutting-edge approach to target the powerhouses of cancer cells - the mitochondria. By reducing the efficiency of these structures, GlioQuell aims to turn off the cancer cells' energy supply and treat one of the most aggressive forms of cancer - glioblastoma.

Have you ever wondered what it takes to be a heart doctor? Well, look no further because we've got the inside scoop on the exciting and rewarding field of cardiology! As a cardiologist, you'll be responsible for diagnosing and treating heart conditions, helping patients live longer, healthier lives. From heart attacks to arrhythmias, you'll have the knowledge and skills to provide life-saving care to those in need. But being a cardiologist isn't just about saving lives, it's also about preventing heart disease. You'll work with patients to develop healthy habits and manage risk factors, like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. And the best part? The field of cardiology is constantly evolving, with new treatments and technologies being developed all the time. You'll have the opportunity to stay at the forefront of medical advancements and make a real difference in the lives of your patients. Typical duties of a cardiologist include performing diagnostic tests, like electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, prescribing medication and lifestyle changes, and performing procedures like angioplasty and stenting. There are also many areas of specialisation within the field, such as electrophysiology and interventional cardiology. To become a cardiologist, you'll need to complete extensive education and training. This typically includes a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as biology or chemistry, followed by medical school and a residency in internal medicine. After that, you'll complete a fellowship in cardiology, where you'll gain specialised knowledge and skills. Helpful personal attributes for a career in cardiology include strong communication skills, attention to detail, and a passion for helping others. You'll also need to be able to work well under pressure and make quick decisions in life-or-death situations. Job prospects for cardiologists are excellent, with a growing demand for heart specialists around the world. Some notable potential employers include the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, among many others. So, if you're looking for a challenging and rewarding career that allows you to make a real difference in the lives of others, consider becoming a cardiologist. Your heart (and your patients' hearts) will thank you!

Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating and progressive brain disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a leading cause of dementia, which causes memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and other cognitive and behavioral problems. This write-up aims to provide high school students with a comprehensive overview of Alzheimer's, its global challenges, and innovations that can help us better understand and manage this disease. Alzheimer's disease affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. It is a significant health challenge that not only affects individuals but also their families and caregivers. Alzheimer's can lead to a reduced quality of life, an increased risk of mortality, and significant healthcare costs. However, innovative research is helping to unlock the mysteries of this disease, leading to promising treatments and interventions. One of the most exciting innovations in Alzheimer's research is the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies can help identify individuals at high risk for Alzheimer's disease, predict disease progression, and develop personalized treatments. Researchers are also exploring the use of stem cells, gene editing, and immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease. Many prominent researchers and academics have contributed significantly to Alzheimer's research. For example, Dr. Atri is a leading expert in the field of cognitive and memory disorders. His research focuses on identifying cognitive and biomarker changes that predict Alzheimer's disease progression. Dr. Bredesen is another prominent researcher who has developed a comprehensive program to prevent and reverse cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease is a complex and challenging topic, but with innovative research and a commitment to learning, we can better understand and manage this disease. By exploring academic topics related to Alzheimer's, high school students can gain valuable knowledge and make a meaningful impact on this important issue.

Are you interested in pursuing a career that enables you to make a difference in people's lives while helping them? The field of surgery may be the ideal fit for you! Surgeons are highly skilled medical professionals responsible for performing operations to cure and treat a wide range of diseases and injuries. Let's delve deeper into what it takes to build a career in surgery. As a surgeon, your primary responsibility is to perform surgeries and other medical procedures to diagnose and treat various ailments and conditions. You'll be working with patients of all ages, from infants to the elderly, in several specializations, including neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and more. One of the most compelling aspects of a career in surgery is the chance to have a significant and long-lasting impact on people's lives. For example, as a neurosurgeon, you can perform life-saving brain surgeries, while as a plastic surgeon, you can help boost someone's confidence and self-esteem by fixing their physical defects. To become a surgeon, you'll need to earn a medical degree, complete a residency program, and get a state license. The entire process of education and training may take up to 14 years, including undergraduate studies in biology, chemistry, or pre-med. Excellent manual dexterity, communication and interpersonal skills, and the ability to work under pressure are essential qualities for success in this field. Attention to detail, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills are equally vital. The job prospects and long-term outlook for surgeons are favorable, with an expected job growth of 4% over the next decade. Surgeons are in high demand worldwide, with hospitals, private clinics, research institutions, and government agencies being some of the potential employers. Numerous top-notch organizations are looking for talented surgeons to join their teams, including the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Cleveland Clinic in the USA, the Royal London Hospital in the UK, and St. Vincent's Hospital in Australia. In conclusion, if you're looking for a fulfilling and exciting career that allows you to make a difference in people's lives while working in a challenging and rewarding field, surgery may be the perfect career path for you. Take the time to explore this field further and see if it's the right choice for you!

Do you have a passion for helping children? Do you want to make a difference in their lives? If so, then a career as a Pediatrician may be perfect for you! Pediatricians are medical doctors who specialize in the care of children, from newborns to teenagers. They play a crucial role in ensuring that children grow up healthy and strong. As a Pediatrician, you will be responsible for diagnosing and treating a wide range of illnesses and injuries that affect children. You will also provide preventive care, such as vaccinations, and help parents and caregivers to understand how to keep their children healthy. One of the most appealing aspects of this career is the opportunity to make a real difference in the lives of children. You may be the one to identify a serious illness early on, saving a child's life. Or you may be the one to help a child overcome a chronic condition, allowing them to thrive and reach their full potential. Pediatricians can specialize in a variety of areas, such as neonatology, cardiology, or oncology. This allows you to focus on the specific needs of your patients and become an expert in your field. To become a Pediatrician, you will need to complete a Bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as Biology or Chemistry, followed by four years of medical school. After that, you will need to complete a residency program in Pediatrics, which typically lasts three years. In addition to the required education and training, there are certain personal attributes that can be helpful in this career. These include empathy, patience, and excellent communication skills. Job prospects for Pediatricians are excellent, with a projected growth rate of 14% over the next decade. There are a wide range of potential employers, including hospitals, private practices, and government agencies. Some notable employers include Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Boston Children's Hospital, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. In conclusion, a career as a Pediatrician can be incredibly rewarding, both personally and professionally. If you have a passion for helping children and want to make a difference in the world, then this may be the perfect career for you!

Do you have a passion for science and a desire to help people? If so, Optometry may be the perfect field of study for you. Optometry is a branch of medicine that focuses on the eyes and vision. It is a fascinating field that combines science, technology, and patient care to help people see clearly and live their best lives. Optometry is all about helping people to see the world around them. As an optometrist, you will use your knowledge of the eyes and vision to diagnose and treat a range of eye conditions, from simple refractive errors to more complex diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts. You will also help people to maintain their eye health and prevent vision problems from developing. One of the most exciting aspects of Optometry is the constant innovation and research that is taking place in the field. From new technologies that allow for more accurate diagnosis and treatment, to groundbreaking research into the causes and treatments of eye diseases, there is always something new and exciting happening in Optometry. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules include anatomy and physiology of the eye, optics, visual perception, and ocular disease. Students will also have the opportunity to gain practical experience through clinical placements and internships. After completing their undergraduate degree, students can go on to specialize in areas such as pediatric optometry, contact lenses, or vision therapy. With a degree in Optometry, there are a range of potential job opportunities available. Optometrists can work in private practice, hospitals, clinics, or for government agencies. Some notable employers in the field include Bausch + Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, and Essilor. To succeed in Optometry, students should have a strong background in science, particularly biology and chemistry. They should also possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills, as they will be working closely with patients on a daily basis. If you are passionate about science and helping people, a degree in Optometry may be the perfect choice for you.

Do you have a passion for the human body and how it functions? Are you fascinated by the intricate workings of the digestive system? Then a career in Gastroenterology might just be the perfect fit for you! Gastroenterology is a medical specialty that focuses on the digestive system and its associated organs. Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, from common digestive issues like acid reflux and ulcers, to more complex diseases like Crohn's disease and liver cancer. They use a variety of tools and techniques, including endoscopy and imaging tests, to help their patients achieve optimal digestive health. One of the most appealing aspects of a career in Gastroenterology is the variety of specialties within the field. Gastroenterologists can choose to focus on areas like hepatology (liver disease), pediatric gastroenterology, or inflammatory bowel disease, among others. This allows for a diverse range of career opportunities and the chance to make a real impact in a specific area of interest. To become a Gastroenterologist, you'll need to complete extensive education and training. This typically includes a Bachelor's degree in a relevant field like biology or chemistry, followed by medical school and a residency program in internal medicine. After completing a fellowship in Gastroenterology, you'll be eligible for certification by the American Board of Internal Medicine. In addition to a strong educational background, there are several personal attributes that can be helpful in a career in Gastroenterology. These include excellent communication skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well under pressure. Job prospects for Gastroenterologists are strong, with a projected growth rate of 14% over the next decade. There are a variety of potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including hospitals, clinics, and research institutions. Notable examples include the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and the Cleveland Clinic. So if you're looking for a challenging and rewarding career that combines your love of science with a desire to help others, consider a career in Gastroenterology. With a wide range of specialties and strong job prospects, it's a field that offers endless opportunities for growth and impact.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is a master of disguise. It can change its outer coat of proteins frequently, making it hard for the immune system to recognise and destroy it. HIV targets Helper T cells, which act as the air traffic controllers of the immune system, coordinating the efforts of other immune cells. If Helper T cells disappear, the whole immune system would have trouble fighting not just HIV but many other illnesses as well. Boosting the immune system against HIV requires getting the Helper T cells back in control. Learning about the immune system and how it works can help you understand how HIV affects the body and how to boost your immune system against it. By exploring this topic through reading, reflection, writing and self-directed projects, you can gain a deeper understanding of the immune system and how to protect yourself from harmful intruders like viruses and bacteria.

Did you know that adults catch more than 150 colds throughout their lives, and that a single family of viruses causes 30 to 50% of all colds? Understanding the complex relationship between viruses and our immune systems is not only fascinating, but also highly relevant to our daily lives. By reading about pleconaril, rhinovirus, and CRISPR, you'll learn about the science behind vaccines and antiviral drugs, and how they could help us tackle the common cold. But beyond that, exploring this topic will help you appreciate the incredible complexity and resilience of our immune systems, and the importance of maintaining our health. So grab a cup of tea and your favorite notebook, and get ready to dive into the fascinating world of viruses and immune systems!

As we grow older, our bodies undergo many changes, including changes in our metabolism. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur in our bodies to maintain life. These processes are essential for providing energy, building and repairing tissues, and eliminating waste products. As we age, our metabolic pathways can become altered, leading to various age-related diseases and conditions. One example of a metabolic pathway that is affected by aging is the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is responsible for producing ATP, the primary source of energy for our cells. As we age, the function of the ETC can become impaired, leading to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in oxidative stress. This can contribute to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Another example is the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, which regulates cellular growth and metabolism. Studies have shown that inhibiting the mTOR pathway can increase lifespan in various model organisms, including mice. This has led to increased interest in developing drugs that target this pathway as a potential anti-aging strategy. One of the leading academics in this field is Dr. David Sinclair, a Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sinclair's research has focused on the role of metabolism in aging and age-related diseases, and he has made significant contributions to the field. For example, his research has shown that supplementing with NAD+, a molecule involved in energy metabolism, can improve various aspects of aging in mice. Another leading academic in this field is Dr. Valter Longo, a Professor of Gerontology and Biological Science at the University of Southern California. Dr. Longo's research has focused on the role of fasting and caloric restriction in aging and age-related diseases. His work has shown that periodic fasting can have a range of health benefits, including improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. In conclusion, the study of metabolic pathways in aging is a fascinating and rapidly growing field. By understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and aging, we can better understand the underlying causes of age-related diseases and conditions. Students who are interested in this topic can continue to explore it through reading and research, or by pursuing their own experiments and projects. With the right tools and resources, they can make meaningful contributions to this exciting field and help improve our understanding of aging and metabolic pathways.

UCLA scientists have identified how immune cells detect and respond to cancer cells, leading to better personalized immunotherapies for patients who do not respond to treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors improve T cells' ability to recognize and attack cancer cells, and the study showed that when immunotherapy is effective, it directs a diverse repertoire of T cells against a small group of selected mutations in a tumor. The researchers adapted advanced gene-editing technology to make unprecedented observations about immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 "checkpoint inhibitor" immunotherapy.

Have you ever been curious about what goes on inside the human body? Do you have a passion for helping others and a desire to work in the healthcare industry? If so, a career as a Sonographer might be the perfect fit for you! As a Sonographer, you will be responsible for using high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs, tissues, and blood flow within the body. This non-invasive imaging technique is used to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions, from pregnancy to cancer. One of the most appealing aspects of this career is the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the lives of others. By providing accurate and detailed images, Sonographers play a crucial role in helping doctors and other healthcare professionals make informed decisions about patient care. In addition to the rewarding nature of the work, Sonographers also enjoy a diverse range of duties and specializations. Some Sonographers specialize in obstetrics and gynecology, working closely with expectant mothers to monitor the health and development of their babies. Others work in cardiovascular imaging, using ultrasound to diagnose and treat conditions such as heart disease. To become a Sonographer, you will need to complete a specialized training program, typically at the associate or bachelor's degree level. Popular undergraduate programs for aspiring Sonographers include Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Radiologic Technology, and Cardiovascular Technology. In addition to formal education, Sonographers should possess a number of helpful personal attributes, including strong communication skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well under pressure. Job prospects for Sonographers are strong, with employment opportunities available in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and private practices. Notable employers in this field include the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Johns Hopkins Hospital. So, if you're looking for a career that combines your passion for healthcare with cutting-edge technology and the opportunity to make a real difference in the lives of others, consider becoming a Sonographer!

Weight loss surgery decreases bile acids linked to higher appetite, but lifestyle changes could mimic the effect. Researchers from King's, the University of Nottingham, and Amsterdam University Medical Centre found that gut microbes play a key role in regulating bile acids and metabolism. The study's results have important implications for targeted interventions for metabolic disorders focused on the gut microbiome. Co-author Professor Tim Spector, the co-founder of personalised nutrition company ZOE, highlights the promise of gut microbiome testing in supporting metabolic health.

The Forgetting by David Shenk is a poignant and meticulously researched account of Alzheimer's disease, which affects almost half of those over 85 and kills nearly 100,000 Americans annually. Shenk delves into the social, medical, and spiritual implications of the disease, as well as its impact on the lives of its victims and their families. He also traces the history of Alzheimer's, suggesting that it may have afflicted such luminaries as Jonathan Swift and Ralph Waldo Emerson. This searing and engaging book offers a sympathetic and ultimately hopeful portrait of a disease that will touch the lives of virtually everyone. Recommended for anyone interested in the medical, social, and spiritual implications of Alzheimer's disease, The Forgetting is a must-read. Shenk's scrupulous research and moving account of the disease's impact on its victims and their families will be of particular interest to students studying gerontology, social work, psychology, and medicine. The book's exploration of the history of Alzheimer's and its possible links to famous figures such as Jonathan Swift and Ralph Waldo Emerson will also appeal to those interested in literary and cultural studies. Ultimately, The Forgetting is a powerful and encouraging portrait of a disease that affects millions of people worldwide.

Childhood cancer is a devastating disease that affects thousands of children every year. However, as cancer is more likely to occur in adults rather than children, research on childhood cancer is often underfunded, leading to fewer treatment options and lower survival rates. One of the biggest challenges in treating childhood cancer is the risk of long-term side effects from chemotherapy and radiation. These treatments can cause developmental delays, learning disabilities, and even secondary cancers later in life. As a result, new treatment strategies are being developed to minimize these risks. One of the most promising new approaches is immunotherapy, a type of treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to attack cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy, in which T-cells are genetically engineered to recognize and attack cancer cells, has shown particularly promising results in clinical trials. Another challenge in treating childhood cancer is the lack of targeted therapies. Unlike adult cancers, childhood cancers often have no known driver mutations that can be targeted with precision medicine. Researchers are working to identify new drug targets and develop new treatments that can attack cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Dr. Kimberly Stegmaier, an oncologist and researcher at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, is one of the leading experts in childhood cancer research. She and her team are working to identify new drug targets and develop targeted therapies for childhood cancers. They are also studying the genetic and molecular characteristics of childhood cancers to better understand how they develop and how they can be treated. In conclusion, childhood cancer presents unique challenges that require innovative solutions. While underfunded research and the lack of targeted therapies have made progress difficult, recent developments in immunotherapy, such as CAR T-cell therapy, show promising results. As we continue to fight for a cure, let us also remember the children and families affected by this disease and strive to support them in any way we can.

Have you ever considered a career in Oncology? As an oncologist, you would be at the forefront of cancer care, helping patients navigate through one of the most challenging times of their lives. Not only would you be making a significant impact on the lives of those affected by cancer, but you would also be part of a field that is constantly evolving and advancing. As an oncologist, you would work with a team of healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat cancer patients. You would be responsible for developing treatment plans, monitoring patients' progress, and providing emotional support to patients and their families. Oncologists also play a vital role in cancer research, helping to develop new treatments and therapies. There are several specializations within the field of oncology, including medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology. Medical oncologists focus on using chemotherapy and other medications to treat cancer, while radiation oncologists use radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells. Surgical oncologists, on the other hand, perform surgeries to remove cancerous tumors. To become an oncologist, you will need to complete a medical degree, followed by a residency in oncology. Popular undergraduate programs for aspiring oncologists include biology, chemistry, and pre-med. In addition to formal education, oncologists must possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills, as well as a strong desire to help others. Job prospects for oncologists are excellent, with a growing demand for cancer care worldwide. There are many potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including hospitals, research institutions, and pharmaceutical companies. Notable employers include Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the National Cancer Institute. In conclusion, a career in oncology is both challenging and rewarding. By pursuing this career, you would be making a significant impact on the lives of cancer patients and their families, while also contributing to the advancement of cancer research and treatment. So if you have a passion for helping others and a desire to make a difference in the world, consider a career in oncology.

Discover the secret behind Gram-negative bacteria's armor-like outer membrane! A new study led by Professor Colin Kleanthous at the University of Oxford sheds light on how bacteria like E. coli construct their outer membrane to resemble body armor, with implications for developing antibiotics.

We all know how important it is to stay healthy and avoid getting sick. But have you ever wondered about the science behind vaccines? In this video clip, we learn about the key academic concept of how the immune system works to fight off infections and how scientists are working to develop a universal flu vaccine that could protect us against every strain of the flu, even ones that don't exist yet. Learning about this exciting field of research not only expands our knowledge of how vaccines work, but also helps us understand the importance of public health initiatives.

A groundbreaking study by the University of Oxford as part of the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project has defined five new subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and linked these to clinical outcomes, paving the way for more personalized patient care. This is the first study to analyze all the relevant changes in DNA across the entire cancer genome!