Stories have the power to change how we relate to each other, persuade us, and even improve our self-esteem and mood. Reading a story can make us feel fully immersed in the world of the characters and even activate the same brain areas as if we were performing the actions ourselves. Fictional characters can form a parasocial relationship with us, making us feel less lonely and improving our attitudes towards stigmatized groups. Reading stories can also be an effective way to produce political change and change people's opinions about controversial topics. Children love stories, and they are an important part of understanding the world around them and themselves. So, pick up a book and start building worlds and populating them with people. The benefits are both intellectual and practical, as stories can improve our understanding of the world and improve our relationships with others.

Virginia Woolf's writing explores the slippery nature of subjective experience and the internal experience of alienation. She uses a stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and multiple perspectives to contrast the rich world of the mind against external existence. Woolf's work is a key example of Modernism, a cultural movement that sought to push the boundaries of how reality is represented. Her novels "Mrs. Dalloway," "To the Lighthouse," and "The Waves" all delve deeply into the characters' traumatic pasts, weaving the inner world with external reality. Through deep thought, Woolf's characters temporarily transcend their material reality, and in its careful consideration of the complexity of the mind, her work charts the importance of making our inner lives known to each other. Studying Woolf's work will help students understand the complexity of the human mind and the importance of subjective experience.

Do we think differently in different languages? This is the question that has been debated for decades and the answer is yes. Language affects the way we think and conceive the world around us. The structure of a language forces us to attend to certain aspects of reality that are relevant for a language. It gives us ready labels and helps us organise the world into identifiable categories. Learning a new language not only opens doors to different cultures but also provides a new perspective on the world. Cognitive diversity is at the core of human nature, and learning a new language can help us develop this diversity. So, if you want to broaden your horizons and become more grounded and in touch with your emotions, learn a new language. It will change the way you see the world and help you become an expert along a number of quite specific dimensions.

In her latest book, "Bittersweet: How Sorrow and Longing Can Make Us Whole," author and researcher Susan Cain explores how embracing the melancholic side of life can lead to creativity, connection, and transcendence. Discover how listening to sad music and experiencing bittersweet states of mind can be intimately connected to the most sublime aspects of being human, including awe, wonder, and spirituality.

Edgar Allan Poe, an American author, is renowned for his macabre and innovative stories of gothic horror. But what makes him one of the greatest American authors? Poe's careful attention to form and style is what sets him apart. He identified two cardinal rules for the short story form: it must be short enough to read in one sitting, and every word must contribute to its purpose. By mastering these rules, Poe commands the reader's attention and rewards them with an intense and singular experience - what Poe called the unity of effect. Although he's best known for his short horror stories, Poe was actually one of the most versatile and experimental writers of the nineteenth century. An appreciation of Poe's career wouldn't be complete without his poetry: haunting and hypnotic. By exploring the paradoxes and mysteries of love, grief, and guilt, Poe's stories use violence and horror to delve into the true darkness of the human mind and its propensity for self-destruction. Reading Poe's work can help students develop their critical thinking skills and explore complex themes in literature.

Cultural differences are a fascinating aspect of our world, as they offer a window into the diverse beliefs, values, customs, and traditions that make us who we are. They can be experienced in many different ways, from the food we eat, to the way we dress, to the way we interact with one another. One of the leading academics in the field of cultural differences is the renowned cultural psychologist, Dr. Hazel Markus, who has studied the impact of cultural differences on human behavior. Dr. Markus has shown that our cultural backgrounds shape the way we see the world and our own identity, and can also affect our cognitive abilities and emotions. Another important figure in the field of cultural differences is the sociologist, Dr. Geert Hofstede, who developed a model of six cultural dimensions that help to explain the differences between cultures. These dimensions include individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus femininity, long-term versus short-term orientation, and indulgence versus restraint. Statistics also highlight the significance of cultural differences. For example, over 7,000 languages are spoken in the world today, and over 190 countries have different cultures, with unique traditions and customs. This diversity offers us an opportunity to learn and grow as individuals, as well as appreciate and respect the differences of others. In conclusion, exploring cultural differences can be a rich and rewarding experience. By learning about different cultures, we gain a deeper understanding of the world around us and the people within it.

The Hero's Journey is a cycle that begins and ends in an ordinary world but passes through an unfamiliar, special world. It involves a call to adventure, assistance, departure, trials, approach, crisis, treasure, result, return, new life, resolution, and status quo. Many popular books and movies follow this formula, including Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo. The Hero's Journey is a myth that exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated because humans reflect on their world through symbolic stories of their own lives. By understanding this formula, you can learn to leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you, and then recover and do it again. You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, "In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek."

Agatha Christie's success as the best-selling novelist of all time was built on her cleverly constructed mystery novels. One of her key techniques was to limit the scope of her stories by setting them in isolated locations, which built tension and limited possible suspects. She also simplified her characters to a handful of simple traits, which made them predictable suspects but also relied on harmful stereotypes. However, she worked to make her characters feel authentic by closely observing the people around her and constantly scribbling down details from overheard conversations. Christie used clues to intentionally mislead her audience, and her most enduring sleuths were outsiders who slipped past security and made suspects let their guard down. By learning these techniques, students can develop their own compelling writing and critical thinking skills.

Group singing, dancing, and chanting have been found to have a profound effect on how people think and feel. Psychologists have discovered that collective behaviour like chanting has the remarkable effect of making us feel connected to one another. It is a way to express social identity and the values of that group. While football chants can be rude, offensive, or even racist, they can also endorse more positive values. Chanting at a football match doesn’t just bond a group together in love and harmony; there is a dark side to coordinated behaviour. Coordinated behaviours can lower people's sense of personal autonomy and make them more likely to be obedient to aggressive action. Chanting is also an ancient technology used to record knowledge. By exploring these academic concepts, you can learn how group behaviour can affect your mood and social identity, and how it has been used throughout history to encode and share cultural knowledge.

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a perfect memory? In the short story "Funes, the Memorious," Jorge Luis Borges explores just that. His character, Ireneo Funes, remembers everything he has ever seen in perfect detail, rendering him unable to think beyond the overwhelming details. Borges was a master of exploring infinity, and his literary style of "lo real maravilloso," known in English as Magical Realism, is evident in his body of essays, poems, and stories. He was an avid reader, and his image of paradise was an infinite library, an idea he brought to life in "The Library of Babel." Borges' work also explores the idea of condensing all of time into a single moment, as seen in "The God's Script." Reading Borges can give you a glimpse of infinity and inspire you to explore the depths of your own imagination.

Shakespeare's plays are popular because of his use of words, particularly insults, which are used to set the mood, create atmosphere and develop relationships between characters. Insults are a tool that Shakespeare uses to unify the audience and make them laugh. Even if you don't know the meaning of the insult, contextual clues help to construct the characterization of the relationship between characters. For example, in "Hamlet," when Hamlet calls Polonius a "fishmonger," it intensifies the animosity between the two characters. In "Romeo and Juliet," insults are used to show the level of animosity between the two families, which eventually leads to the downfall of Tybalt. By studying Shakespeare's use of words, students can gain a deeper understanding of the mood, atmosphere, and characterization in his plays.

Greek tragedy is a classic story pattern that has captivated audiences for thousands of years. It involves a tragic hero who is elevated in rank and ability, but also relatable. The hero has a tragic flaw, such as ambition or excessive pride, that leads to a critical mistake and their downfall. This pattern is seen in works such as Sophocles's "Oedipus Rex," where the tragic hero's mistake is made in complete ignorance. The point of these tragic events is to evoke fear and pity in the audience, allowing for emotional release and purification. Learning about these principles can help students understand the allure of storytelling and the importance of character flaws. It can also serve as a reminder that no matter how bad things get, at least you didn't kill your father and marry your mother.

Annie Ernaux's uncompromising honesty and ability to give words to hard experiences has earned her the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her work explores personal memory, class, and French society at large, and has been adapted into feature-length films. Despite being a favorite for years, Ernaux is only the 17th woman and the first French woman to win the award. The Nobel Prize is widely considered to be the greatest honor a writer can achieve, and is worth almost $900,000.

Latin is a language that can teach us a lot about life. Latin literature is full of timeless truisms that are as relevant today as they were to the Romans over 2,000 years ago. By exploring Latin scholars and the quotes they have written down that have passed through all these generations, we can learn valuable lessons about human nature, love, and friendship. For example, Catullus reminds us to think about our own faults before criticizing others. Virgil shows us that love is a divine force that we should yield to rather than fight against. Cicero tells us that if we have books and nature, we have everything we need. Pliny the Elder reminds us that wine can loosen the tongue and reveal the truth. Ovid warns us to work out who our real friends are before it's too late. By exploring these concepts, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

"Kafka on the Shore" by Haruki Murakami is a novel that takes readers on a journey through magical underworlds, time travel, and hidden histories. The story follows the teenage protagonist Kafka, who is desperate to escape his tyrannical father and the family curse he feels doomed to repeat. As readers explore Kafka's world, they are introduced to a variety of challenges that offer no easy answers, leaving us marveling at the resourcefulness of the human spirit to deal with the unexpected. Through this novel, readers are encouraged to explore the idea of magical realism, where magic becomes just one more thing that complicates life, and the deeper you go, the more you find. By diving into this novel, students can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of the human spirit and the power of the imagination to create new worlds.

The Canterbury Tales, one of the most esteemed works of English literature, seamlessly blends the lofty and the lowly in a collection of 24 stories told by a talkative cast of characters. Written in Middle English, the Tales are a vivid record of the different ways Medieval audiences entertained themselves. The varied dialects, genres, and literary tropes make the work a compelling read for everyone, with something for every reader. Chaucer uses the quirks of the characters' language to satirize their worldviews, and no level of society is above mockery. The Canterbury Tales is a great way to learn about the different social classes and the professional class of merchants and intellectuals that emerged in Medieval society. By reading and understanding this work, students can develop their critical thinking skills and gain a deeper understanding of the English language and its evolution.

Language is constantly evolving, and it's not uncommon to mishear popular idioms, metaphors, and sayings. In fact, misheard phrases can take root in our collective consciousness and even replace the original phrasing entirely. While these changes keep lexicographers busy updating dictionaries to reflect how language is really being used, they also provide fascinating insight into the evolution of language. Understanding the origins of common phrases and their journeys to becoming popular sayings not only expands your intellectual horizons but also helps you communicate more effectively. So, next time you mishear a phrase or use a malaphor, remember that you're contributing to the evolution of the English language and that one day, your mistake might just end up in the dictionary.

Learning about different cultures and languages is not only fascinating but also a valuable intellectual pursuit. The concept of "Britishisms" refers to words or phrases that are uniquely British and have begun to spread across the globe. While it may seem trivial to learn about words like "numpty" or "gobsmacked," understanding the nuances of language can help us better communicate and connect with people from different backgrounds. Additionally, learning about "isms" from different countries can broaden our perspectives and help us appreciate the diversity of human experience. So, don't be afraid to explore different languages and cultures, and embrace the quirkiness and uniqueness that makes each one special.

As students, you may often wonder about the purpose of human life. The concept of Aristotle's Ergon Argument can help you think more clearly about this topic. Ergon (ἔργον) is the Greek term for "work" or "function," and Aristotle argues that every living thing has a specific ergon, or function, that corresponds to its excellence or virtue. For humans, our unique capabilities of reason and language are what define us and give meaning to our lives. Through cultivating friendships and social relations, controlling our appetites and emotions, developing moral and intellectual virtues, and exploring the nature of the universe, we can exercise our highest and most godlike capabilities. By learning about these concepts and exploring them through reading, reflection, writing, and self-directed projects, you can discover your own unique capabilities and pursue a fulfilling life that is truly your own.

Choosing the right point of view is one of the most important decisions an author makes when telling a story. The point of view can transform a story completely, creating unique possibilities and constraints. The three main perspectives are third person, first person, and second person, each with their own benefits and limitations. A third person narrator can create distance and highlight certain elements, while a first person narrator creates closeness and suspense. Second person is a less common choice, but can build urgency and suspense. Authors are constantly experimenting with fresh variations on point of view, and new virtual and augmented reality technologies may expand the possibilities for this experimentation. By understanding the different perspectives, students can gain a deeper appreciation for the craft of storytelling and develop their own unique writing style.