Are you someone who loves to write, is passionate about current events and has a desire to uncover the truth? If yes, then a career in journalism may be the perfect fit for you! Journalism is a dynamic and exciting field that involves investigating, reporting, and writing about events, issues, and stories that matter to people. Journalists play a crucial role in society by providing the public with accurate and reliable information. They are responsible for reporting on a wide range of topics, from politics and business to sports and entertainment. They are the eyes and ears of the public, and their work often has a significant impact on people's lives. As a journalist, you can work in a variety of settings, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and online media. You can specialize in a particular area, such as investigative journalism, sports journalism, or environmental journalism. You can also work as a freelance journalist, writing for various publications and outlets. To become a journalist, you typically need a bachelor's degree in journalism, communications, or a related field. Many universities offer journalism programs that provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the field. Some popular undergraduate programs and majors include journalism, mass communication, and media studies. In addition to formal education, there are certain personal attributes that can help you succeed as a journalist. These include strong writing and communication skills, curiosity, persistence, and the ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines. Job prospects for journalists vary depending on the type of media outlet and the location. However, with the rise of digital media, there are more opportunities than ever before for journalists to work in online media. Some notable employers in the field include The New York Times, CNN, BBC, and Reuters. In conclusion, a career in journalism can be both exciting and rewarding. It offers the opportunity to make a difference in the world by informing the public and holding those in power accountable. So, if you have a passion for writing and a desire to uncover the truth, consider pursuing a career in journalism!

Is social media a tool for social cohesion or social division? Learn from Annenberg School for Communication Associate Professors Sandra González-Bailón and Yphtach Lelkes as they take stock of the existing studies and reveal what we know to date. Discover how social media affects our networks, public discourse, and political contexts, and how toxic language and hostility dominate social platforms. Explore the positive and negative effects of social media on social cohesion and polarization, and how policy changes can improve the situation.

Offering a small cash reward for accuracy can help people distinguish between truth and misinformation, according to a study from the University of Cambridge and New York University. The research suggests that social media's "perverse incentives" are a significant factor in the spread of fake news. The study involved four experiments with over 3,300 people from the US, with half offered up to $1 to identify true or false headlines. The incentive made people 31% better at discerning true from fake news. The study also found that incentives reduced partisan division over the truthfulness of news by around 30%.

Are you interested in politics and have a passion for making a difference? If so, you may want to consider a career in Political Campaign Management. This field is all about strategizing, organizing, and executing successful political campaigns that can change the world. As a Political Campaign Manager, you will be responsible for developing and implementing a winning campaign strategy for your candidate. This includes everything from fundraising, building a strong team, and developing a message that resonates with the voters. You will be in charge of creating a campaign that connects with the people and helps your candidate win the election. One of the most appealing aspects of this role is the opportunity to work on campaigns that can make a real difference in people's lives. For example, you could work on a campaign that advocates for better healthcare, environmental protection, or social justice. The possibilities are endless, and the impact can be enormous. The duties of a Political Campaign Manager can vary depending on the size of the campaign and the level of the office being sought. However, some typical duties include managing the campaign budget, organizing events, coordinating with volunteers, and overseeing the candidate's schedule. There are also many areas of specialization within this field, such as fundraising, digital marketing, and grassroots organizing. To become a Political Campaign Manager, you will need a strong educational background in political science, communications, or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include Political Science, Public Policy, and Communications. Additionally, many Political Campaign Managers have experience working on political campaigns or in related fields such as public relations or advertising. Helpful personal attributes for this career include strong communication skills, the ability to work well under pressure, and a passion for politics and social issues. You should also be comfortable working long hours and be willing to travel frequently. Job prospects for Political Campaign Managers are good, with many opportunities available in both the public and private sectors. Some notable potential employers include political parties, advocacy groups, and consulting firms. Additionally, there are many opportunities to work on international campaigns and make a difference on a global scale. In conclusion, if you are passionate about politics and want to make a difference in the world, a career in Political Campaign Management may be right for you. With the opportunity to work on campaigns that can change people's lives, this field offers an exciting and rewarding career path.

Are you interested in politics? Do you have a passion for strategy, communication, and leadership? If so, Political Campaign Management may be the perfect field of study for you! Political Campaign Management is the art and science of running political campaigns, from local elections to national campaigns. It involves developing and executing a winning strategy, managing a team, and communicating effectively with voters. Political Campaign Managers are the masterminds behind successful political campaigns, and they play a crucial role in shaping the future of our society. In Political Campaign Management, you'll learn about the latest research, innovations, and academic discourse in the field. You'll study the strategies and tactics used by successful campaigns, and you'll learn from well-known academic figures who have made significant contributions to the field. For example, you might study the work of David Axelrod, who helped Barack Obama win the presidency in 2008 and 2012, or the research of Dr. Shanto Iyengar, who has studied the impact of media on political campaigns. At the undergraduate level, you'll typically take courses in Political Science, Communications, and Marketing. You'll learn about topics such as campaign finance, polling, message development, and voter mobilization. After graduation, you might specialize in a particular area, such as digital marketing or grassroots organizing. There are many potential career paths for graduates of Political Campaign Management. You might work on a political campaign as a Campaign Manager, Communications Director, or Field Organizer. You could also work in government or advocacy organizations, helping to shape public policy. Some popular employers in this field include the Democratic National Committee, the Republican National Committee, and consulting firms like GMMB and AKPD Message and Media. To succeed in Political Campaign Management, you'll need a combination of personal attributes, skills, and subject interests. You should be passionate about politics and have a deep understanding of the issues facing our society. You should also be a strong communicator, able to craft compelling messages and build relationships with voters. And you should be a strategic thinker, able to develop and execute a winning campaign plan. So if you're interested in politics and want to make a difference in the world, consider studying Political Campaign Management. It's a challenging and rewarding field that can lead to a fulfilling career and a lifetime of civic engagement.

Can you distinguish between real and fake news on social media? MIT scholars found that the act of considering whether to share news items reduces people's ability to tell truths from falsehoods by 35%. Learn more about the essential tension between sharing and accuracy in the realm of social media, and the potential implications for online news consumption.

Are you a natural communicator who loves to connect with people? Are you interested in the world of media and marketing? Then studying Public Relations may be the perfect fit for you! Public Relations is a dynamic and exciting field of study that involves managing communication between an organization and its stakeholders. This includes building and maintaining relationships with the media, customers, employees, and the general public. Public Relations professionals use a variety of tools and techniques to promote their clients or organizations, including press releases, social media, events, and crisis management. One of the most appealing aspects of studying Public Relations is the opportunity to work with a wide range of clients and industries. From entertainment to healthcare, from non-profits to government agencies, Public Relations professionals are always in demand. For example, a Public Relations specialist for a non-profit organization might work to raise awareness and funds for a specific cause, while a Public Relations specialist for a tech company might focus on promoting a new product launch. In addition to working with clients, studying Public Relations also involves exploring the latest research and innovations in the field. You'll learn about the latest trends in social media and digital marketing, as well as the psychology of communication and persuasion. You'll also have the opportunity to study under well-known academic figures, such as Edward Bernays, who is often referred to as the "father of Public Relations" for his pioneering work in the field. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Public Relations include courses in media relations, strategic communication, and crisis management. You may also have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as sports PR, healthcare PR, or corporate social responsibility. For example, a student interested in healthcare PR might take courses in medical terminology and ethics, while a student interested in corporate social responsibility might study sustainability and environmental issues. After graduation, there are a wide range of potential jobs and roles that a degree in Public Relations can lead to. These include positions in public relations agencies, corporate communication departments, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. Notable employers in the field include Edelman, Weber Shandwick, and FleishmanHillard, among others. To succeed in Public Relations, it's important to have strong communication skills, both written and verbal. You should also be creative, adaptable, and able to work well under pressure. An interest in current events, media, and marketing is also helpful. Overall, studying Public Relations is a rewarding and exciting choice for anyone interested in the world of communication and marketing. With a degree in Public Relations, you'll be equipped with the knowledge and skills to succeed in a wide range of industries and roles.

Politics is everywhere. It affects the way we live, work, and interact with others. And if you're interested in understanding the power dynamics that shape our world, then Political Science is the perfect field of study for you. Political Science is a social science that deals with the study of government, politics, and public policy. It's a fascinating field that combines history, philosophy, economics, and sociology to help us understand how governments work, how policies are made, and how power is distributed. In Political Science, you'll learn about the different forms of government, from democracies to dictatorships, and how they function. You'll explore the role of political institutions, such as parliaments, courts, and the media, and how they influence policy decisions. You'll also examine the impact of globalization, international relations, and human rights on political systems. One of the most exciting aspects of Political Science is the research and innovation that takes place in the field. From studying the impact of social media on political campaigns to analyzing the effectiveness of different voting systems, Political Science is constantly evolving and adapting to new challenges. Some of the most well-known academic figures in Political Science include Francis Fukuyama, who famously wrote about the "end of history," and Robert Putnam, who coined the term "social capital" to describe the networks of trust and cooperation that underpin successful societies. At the undergraduate level, Political Science majors typically take courses in political theory, comparative politics, international relations, and public policy. You can also specialize in areas such as political economy, environmental politics, or human rights. With a degree in Political Science, you'll be well-prepared for a range of careers in the public and private sectors. You could work in government, as a policy analyst, diplomat, or elected official. Or you could work in the private sector, as a lobbyist, consultant, or analyst for a think tank. Some of the most notable employers in this field include the United Nations, the World Bank, and major political parties around the world. To succeed in Political Science, you'll need to be curious, analytical, and passionate about social justice. You should also have strong writing and research skills, as well as an ability to think critically about complex issues. If you're ready to explore the fascinating world of politics and policy, then Political Science is the perfect field of study for you.

Despite the increasing availability of knowledge and expertise, many people continue to reject expert advice as they fall prey to misinformation. This paradox of ignorance has significant implications for society, from public health to politics. But why do we reject expertise even when we need it? Biases have a role to play in this, such as the Dunning-Kruger Effect. This is a cognitive bias where unskilled individuals overestimate their abilities and knowledge, while highly skilled individuals underestimate theirs. This can lead to a dangerous overconfidence in one's own expertise especially in non-experts, and thus a dismissal of others' advice and knowledge. Another factor influencing the rejection of expert advice is the role of identity and group dynamics. We are more likely to trust those who share our values and beliefs, and less likely to trust those who do not. This can lead to a rejection of expert advice that conflicts with our group's values or beliefs. Furthermore, the influence of social media and echo chambers can amplify misinformation, forming a closed network that is hard for accurate information to penetrate through. The consequences of rejecting expertise can be seen in many areas, from the anti-vaccination movement to climate change denial. But there are steps we can take to combat this paradox of ignorance, such as promoting critical thinking and media literacy, and building bridges between experts and the public. Some resources that could enhance your understanding of ignorance include the works of Steven Novella, who is a proponent of scientific skepticism (questioning the veracity of scientific claims which lack empirical evidence), and former professor of US national security affairs Tom Nichols, who tackles the dangers of anti-intellectualism in The Death of Expertise by Tom Nichols. In conclusion, the paradox of ignorance highlights the need for increased critical thinking and media literacy, as well as efforts to bridge the gap between experts and the public. By understanding the factors that contribute to the rejection of expertise, we can work towards a more informed and engaged society, better equipped to tackle the challenges we face.

Cryptocurrency investors are at risk of gambling-related harms, with online gambling outlets accepting crypto wagers posing even greater threats. A new study by the University of Bristol and the University of East London highlights the lack of regulation, risk of fraud, and extreme price volatility as emerging crypto risks. The study explores the intersection of cryptocurrency investing and gambling, citing evidence that shows how crypto trading is associated with increased gambling activity and high-risk stock trading. Cryptocasinos present a double danger, allowing gamblers to bet on sophisticated online gambling products using volatile cryptocurrencies as the source of funds.

Are you a natural communicator? Do you have a passion for storytelling and the power of the media? If so, studying Media and Communications might be the perfect fit for you! The field of Media and Communications is all about understanding how we communicate with each other, both through traditional media like television and newspapers, and through new digital platforms like social media. It's a fascinating area of study that encompasses everything from advertising and public relations to journalism and film-making. One of the most appealing aspects of studying Media and Communications is the opportunity to work on real-world projects that have a real impact. For example, you might work on a campaign to promote a social cause, or create a documentary that sheds light on an important issue. The possibilities are endless! The field of Media and Communications is constantly evolving, with new innovations and research emerging all the time. Some of the most exciting recent developments include the rise of virtual reality and the use of big data to inform advertising and marketing strategies. There are also many well-known academic figures who have made significant contributions to the field, such as Marshall McLuhan and Noam Chomsky. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Media and Communications might include courses on media theory, journalism, digital media, and film studies. From there, students can specialize in a range of areas, such as public relations, advertising, or television production. For example, you might take courses in social media marketing or video production to develop your skills in a particular area. The job prospects for Media and Communications graduates are diverse and exciting. Potential careers include roles in journalism, advertising, public relations, film-making, and more. Some of the key industries for prospective employment include media and entertainment, advertising and marketing, and public relations. Notable employers in this field include the BBC, CNN, Google, and Netflix, to name just a few. To succeed in Media and Communications, you'll need to have excellent communication skills, both written and verbal. You should also be creative, curious, and willing to take risks. A background in English, journalism, or creative writing can be helpful, but it's not essential. Ultimately, if you have a passion for storytelling and a desire to make a difference through the media, then Media and Communications might be the perfect field of study for you!

Are you fascinated by current world events and the interactions between nations, cultures, and societies? Do you want to explore the complexities of global politics and diplomacy? If so, studying International Relations at university undergraduate level might be the perfect fit for you. International Relations is a dynamic and ever-changing field of study that examines the relationships between countries and how they interact with each other on a global scale. It delves into the complexities of international politics, economics, and culture, and explores how these factors shape the world we live in. One of the most appealing aspects of studying International Relations is the opportunity to learn about real-life examples of international relations at work. From the UN peacekeeping missions to the Paris Climate Agreement, you will learn about some of the most significant events and agreements in modern history. You will also get to study the works of well-known academic figures such as Joseph Nye and Samuel Huntington, who have contributed groundbreaking theories to the field. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules include International Political Economy, Global Governance, and International Security. You can also specialize in areas such as Middle Eastern Studies or Human Rights, depending on your interests. For example, you could study the role of women in conflict resolution in the Middle East or analyze the impact of climate change on global security. After completing your degree, there are numerous potential career paths you could take. You could work in government agencies or think tanks, consulting firms, or international organizations such as the United Nations or the World Bank. You could also work in the private sector, with companies such as Google or ExxonMobil, who have a global presence and need employees with an understanding of international relations. To succeed in this field, it's helpful to have a strong interest in current world events and a desire to understand how they fit into the bigger picture. Strong analytical and critical thinking skills are also crucial, as is the ability to communicate effectively and work well in a team. So if you're passionate about global issues and want to make a positive impact on the world, studying International Relations at university undergraduate level could be the perfect choice for you.

Are you creative, persuasive, and love to communicate? Have you ever thought about how ads are created and how they impact our daily lives? If so, then studying Advertising at university undergraduate level might be the perfect fit for you! Advertising is a fascinating field that combines creativity, psychology, and business. It is the art of crafting messages that persuade people to take action, whether it is buying a product, supporting a cause, or changing their behavior. Advertising is everywhere, from billboards to social media, and it is a crucial part of the economy and culture. At the forefront of Advertising research and innovation are academic figures such as David Ogilvy, who revolutionized the industry with his creative and data-driven approach, and Rory Sutherland, who challenges traditional advertising methods and highlights the importance of behavioral economics. As an Advertising major, you will study a range of modules such as consumer behavior, branding, media planning, and creative strategy. You will also have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as digital advertising, social media, and public relations. Real-life examples of successful advertising campaigns, such as Nike's "Just Do It" or Coca-Cola's "Share a Coke," will inspire you and teach you valuable skills. The Advertising industry is vast, and there are many potential jobs and roles that this field of study can lead to, such as copywriter, art director, media planner, account executive, and market researcher. Key industries for prospective future employment include advertising agencies, media companies, and marketing departments of corporations. Notable and attractive potential employers from public and private sectors around the world include Wieden+Kennedy, BBDO, Ogilvy, Google, and Apple. To succeed in Advertising, you need to have excellent communication skills, creativity, strategic thinking, and a passion for understanding consumer behavior. If you are curious, innovative, and enjoy working in a fast-paced environment, then studying Advertising could be the perfect path for you. In conclusion, studying Advertising at university undergraduate level is a fascinating and rewarding experience that can lead to a fulfilling career in a dynamic and exciting industry. So, what are you waiting for? Start exploring the world of Advertising today!

Academic concepts like technology, media control, and truth-telling are explored in George Orwell's work, particularly in his novel 1984. Orwell's fascination with technology and its potential is relatable to our own generation's interest in social media and online identity. The novel's portrayal of a state controlling all media and messaging is contrasted with our diverse media landscape today, although some states still try to suppress online speech. Orwell's commitment to truth-telling is a valuable lesson for us today, as we navigate the spread of mistruths and lies on social media. By exploring these academic concepts, we can better understand the role of technology in our lives and the importance of staying vigilant against attempts to control or manipulate information.

Information overload is a growing concern in today's world, where technology has made it easier for businesses to access vast amounts of data. However, this has led to the paradox of too much information and too little time, leading to individuals and organizations struggling to make informed decisions. The impact of information overload on decision making has become a major topic of discussion among leading academics, such as Daniel Kahneman and Richard Thaler, who have explored the role of heuristics and biases in decision making. Studies have shown that individuals who have access to more information tend to experience increased anxiety and stress, leading to poor decision making and decision avoidance. Businesses have taken advantage of this by presenting their customers with an overwhelming amount of information to make their decision more difficult, often leading to impulsive purchases. This practice, known as 'nudge theory', was popularized by Thaler and Cass Sunstein, who argued that by presenting individuals with a small change to the environment, they can be influenced to make a different decision. An example of how businesses use information overload to their advantage is the use of advertisements on social media. Advertisers use algorithms to determine which advertisements to show to each user, often leading to an endless scroll of irrelevant or unwanted advertisements. This leads to individuals feeling overwhelmed and bombarded, often leading to impulsive purchases, simply to make the advertisements stop. To prevent falling victim to information overload and poor decision making, it is important to practice critical thinking and to seek out reliable sources of information. This can be done by asking questions, seeking out multiple perspectives, and by taking the time to reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings. In conclusion, by understanding how businesses use information overload to their advantage, we can make more informed decisions and take control of our own lives.

Do you have an interest in understanding the complex world of politics and government? Are you passionate about making a positive difference in the world and seeking to create change? If so, then a career in Political Science might be the perfect fit for you! Political Science is a field that explores the political behavior of individuals and groups, as well as the structures and processes that shape political systems around the world. Political scientists examine a range of topics such as political ideologies, international relations, public policy, and the impact of political institutions on society. As a political scientist, you can work in a variety of fields such as government, law, business, media, non-profit organizations, and academia. Some of the most appealing aspects of the field include the opportunity to work on exciting and meaningful projects, conduct research on pressing issues, and be involved in shaping public policies that can impact millions of people. For instance, political scientists play a critical role in creating and shaping foreign policy initiatives in the United States, such as the recent efforts to normalize relations with Cuba. They also help to develop social policies that address critical issues like poverty and inequality, as well as to analyze and understand the impact of electoral and legal systems on democracy and human rights. Typical duties of a political scientist include conducting research, analyzing data, writing reports and papers, and presenting findings to policymakers or the public. Some political scientists specialize in areas such as political theory, international relations, comparative politics, or public policy. They may also work in related fields such as law, public administration, or journalism. To become a political scientist, you typically need a bachelor's degree in Political Science, International Relations, or a related field. Popular and relevant undergraduate programs and majors include Public Policy, Law, Philosophy, and Economics. A graduate degree in Political Science, Law, or Public Administration can also be helpful in advancing your career. Helpful personal attributes for success in Political Science include excellent analytical and critical thinking skills, the ability to work independently and as part of a team, strong communication and writing skills, and a deep passion for social and political issues. Job prospects in Political Science are strong, with opportunities in a range of fields including government, think tanks, research organizations, and universities. Some notable potential employers include the United Nations, the World Bank, the U.S. Department of State, and non-profit organizations such as Amnesty International.

Fahrenheit 451 is a novel that imagines a world where books are banned, and possessing them is forbidden. The protagonist, Montag, is responsible for destroying what remains. However, as he burns books day after day, Montag's mind occasionally wanders to the contraband that lies hidden in his home. Gradually, he begins to question the basis of his work. Fahrenheit 451 depicts a world governed by surveillance, robotics, and virtual reality. Dystopian fiction amplifies troubling features of the world around us and imagines the consequences of taking them to an extreme. In many dystopian stories, the government imposes constrictions onto unwilling subjects. But in Fahrenheit 451, Montag learns that it was the apathy of the masses that gave rise to the current regime. Fahrenheit 451 is a portrait of independent thought on the brink of extinction - and a parable about a society that is complicit in its own combustion. Learning about dystopian fiction can help students understand the importance of independent thought, creativity, and individuality in a world that values conformity.

Are you a social media guru? Do you love creating content and engaging with people online? If so, a career as a Digital Community Manager might be the perfect fit for you! As a Digital Community Manager, you'll be responsible for building and managing an online community for a brand or organization. This can include managing social media accounts, creating engaging content, and responding to customer inquiries and feedback. Essentially, you'll be the voice and face of the brand online, so strong communication skills and a creative mind are essential. One of the most exciting aspects of this field is the opportunity to work with a wide range of industries and organizations. From fashion brands to tech startups, you'll have the chance to work with companies that align with your interests and passions. Some of the typical duties of a Digital Community Manager include creating and curating content for social media platforms, monitoring and responding to customer feedback, and analyzing data to track engagement and growth. Depending on the organization you work for, you may also have the opportunity to specialize in a specific area, such as influencer marketing or event planning. To excel in this field, you'll need a strong understanding of social media platforms and trends, as well as excellent communication and writing skills. A degree in marketing, communications, or a related field can be helpful, but many Digital Community Managers have backgrounds in journalism, graphic design, or even psychology. Job prospects for Digital Community Managers are on the rise, with an expected growth rate of 10% over the next decade. Some notable employers in this field include Nike, Airbnb, and Coca-Cola, as well as a variety of startups and small businesses. In summary, a career as a Digital Community Manager offers the opportunity to work with a diverse range of industries while utilizing your creativity and social media skills. With a growing demand for this role, the possibilities for career growth and success are endless.

Politics is more than just the art of the possible; it's an exciting and dynamic field of study that encompasses everything from international relations to local government. If you're interested in how power works, how decisions are made, and how societies are shaped, then studying politics at the undergraduate level might be just the thing for you. At its core, politics is about understanding how people and institutions interact with each other to make decisions that affect our lives. This means studying everything from political theory and philosophy to the nuts and bolts of government policy-making. It also means exploring the many different systems of government that exist around the world, from democracies to dictatorships, and learning about the challenges and opportunities that each one presents. One of the most interesting things about studying politics is the breadth of research and innovation that is taking place in the field. From groundbreaking new theories about democracy and governance to innovative approaches to public policy, there is always something new and exciting happening in politics. And with so many well-known academic figures making major contributions to the field, there is no shortage of inspiring academic discourse to engage with. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules might include courses on political theory, comparative politics, international relations, and public policy. But there are also plenty of opportunities to specialize further, whether that means focusing on a particular region of the world, a specific area of policy, or a particular type of government. So what can you do with a degree in politics? The possibilities are endless. There are a range of potential future jobs and roles that this field of study might be directly helpful for, including careers in government, NGOs, think tanks, and international organizations. But politics is also a useful foundation for a wide range of other careers, from law and journalism to business and finance. To succeed in this field of study, it's helpful to have strong critical thinking skills, a passion for social justice, and an interest in current events and public affairs. You should also be comfortable with public speaking and debate, as well as skilled at research and analysis. If you're ready to dive into the exciting world of politics, then studying it at the undergraduate level might be just the thing to launch your career in this exciting field.

Advertising is designed to attach emotions to brands, and meta-communication (the twiddly bits like music, characters, and setting) is used to do this. We are programmed not to be able to unprocess meta-communication, which means that once we see it, we've got it. To counter-argue the emotion in advertising, we need to watch ads carefully and ask ourselves what they're trying to influence and what's behind the ad. By doing this, we can emotionally counter-argue the ad and feel more in control of our lives. Learning about advertising can help us become more aware of how it affects us and how we can resist its influence. Understanding meta-communication and emotional appeals can also help us in other areas of our lives, such as when making decisions or analyzing information.