From lozenge machines to 3D printing, discover the sweetest innovations in candy-making. Learn about solid popping candy and heat-resistant chocolate, and explore how Disney projected video onto cakes. Explore the history of Valentine's Day candy and the most interesting candy-related patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Are you fascinated by cars and how they work? Do you dream of designing the next generation of vehicles that will take the world by storm? If so, then Automotive Engineering might be the perfect field of study for you! Automotive Engineering is an exciting and dynamic field that combines elements of mechanical, electrical, and materials engineering to create the vehicles of tomorrow. From designing engines and transmissions to improving fuel efficiency and safety features, Automotive Engineering covers a wide range of fascinating topics that will keep you engaged and inspired throughout your studies. One of the most interesting aspects of Automotive Engineering is the constant innovation and research that is taking place in the field. From developing new materials that are stronger and more lightweight to improving hybrid and electric vehicle technology, there is always something new and exciting happening in the world of Automotive Engineering. Some of the most well-known figures in the field include Ferdinand Porsche, who designed the iconic Porsche 911, and Elon Musk, who is leading the charge in developing electric and autonomous vehicles through his company Tesla. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to study a range of modules that cover topics such as vehicle dynamics, engine design, and materials science. There are also opportunities for further specialisation in areas such as aerodynamics, alternative fuels, and vehicle safety. After graduation, there are a wide range of potential career paths available to Automotive Engineering graduates, including roles in vehicle design, research and development, and manufacturing. Some of the most notable employers in the field include Ford, General Motors, and BMW, as well as government agencies such as NASA and the Department of Defense. To succeed in Automotive Engineering, students should have a strong foundation in math, physics, and chemistry, as well as an interest in mechanical and electrical systems. They should also possess strong problem-solving skills and be able to work well in a team environment. So if you're ready to take your love of cars to the next level, consider studying Automotive Engineering and be a part of shaping the future of transportation!

Have you ever looked at a product and thought, "Wow, this is so aesthetically pleasing and functional?" If you have, you have already appreciated the work of an industrial designer. Industrial design is a field that combines art, engineering, and business to create products that are not only visually appealing but also functional and user-friendly. Industrial designers are involved in designing a wide range of products, from household appliances to cars to medical equipment. They work to improve the usability, functionality, and overall experience of a product. The design process involves researching user needs, creating sketches and models, testing prototypes, and refining the final product. In recent years, industrial design has become increasingly important due to the rise of technology and the need for innovative and sustainable solutions. Some of the most inspiring innovations in industrial design include the development of eco-friendly products, smart home technology, and wearable tech. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to study a range of modules that cover design principles, materials, manufacturing processes, and computer-aided design. They will also learn about the history of industrial design and the work of influential designers such as Dieter Rams, Charles and Ray Eames, and Philippe Starck. After completing their undergraduate degree, students can specialize in areas such as transportation design, product design, or user experience design. Some notable examples of industrial design in action include the design of the Tesla Model S, the iPhone, and the Dyson Airblade hand dryer. Graduates in industrial design can expect to find employment in a range of industries such as automotive, electronics, and consumer goods. Some of the most attractive potential employers in this field include Apple, Samsung, BMW, and Nike. To succeed in industrial design, students should have a strong interest in art and design, as well as an aptitude for technical problem-solving. They should also possess excellent communication and collaboration skills, as industrial designers often work in teams to bring products to life. In conclusion, if you are interested in combining your creativity with technical skills to create products that are both beautiful and functional, then industrial design may be the perfect field for you. With a wide range of potential career paths and exciting innovations on the horizon, studying industrial design at the undergraduate level can lead to an exciting and fulfilling career.

Product design is a thrilling and engaging field of study that blends art and technology to create innovative, user-friendly products that can transform people's lives. It is a multidisciplinary field that requires a combination of creativity, technical know-how, and critical thinking. In product design, students learn how to create, develop, and optimize products for use by consumers, while considering the commercial and cultural aspects of the design. From smartphones to medical devices, furniture to fashion, product designers work to enhance the functionality, aesthetics, and overall user experience of products. There are many inspiring academic figures in the world of product design, such as Jonathan Ive, the chief design officer of Apple, and Patricia Moore, a design researcher and consultant who has advocated for inclusive design. Innovation in product design is constantly evolving, with exciting advances in areas such as 3D printing, sustainable design, and artificial intelligence. At undergraduate level, students will typically study modules such as design thinking, materials and manufacturing processes, 3D modeling and visualization, and marketing and branding. Further specialization may include areas such as automotive design, consumer product design, or healthcare product design. Graduates of product design can pursue a variety of exciting and fulfilling careers, such as industrial designers, user experience designers, product managers, or design researchers. Key industries for prospective employment include technology, consumer products, automotive, and healthcare. Notable potential employers in this field include companies such as Apple, Nike, Tesla, and Philips. To succeed in product design, students should possess creativity, strong problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and an interest in technology and design. A background in art or design can also be beneficial.

Are you someone who loves technology and is fascinated by the possibilities of virtual reality? If so, a career in Virtual Reality Development might be just what you're looking for! This exciting field is all about creating immersive virtual experiences that transport users to new worlds and allow them to interact with digital environments in ways that were once only possible in science fiction. As a Virtual Reality Developer, you'll be responsible for designing and building these virtual experiences, using a combination of programming, 3D modeling, and other cutting-edge technologies. You'll work closely with designers, artists, and other developers to bring these experiences to life, using your technical skills to create seamless, intuitive interactions that feel like second nature to users. One of the most exciting aspects of this field is the sheer range of possibilities it offers. Whether you're creating a virtual training program for surgeons, building a game that lets players explore an alien planet, or designing a virtual museum exhibit that lets visitors interact with historical artifacts, the sky's the limit when it comes to what you can do with virtual reality. To get started in this field, you'll typically need a degree in computer science, game design, or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs include Computer Science, Game Design, and Interactive Media, among others. You'll also need to have strong programming skills, as well as experience with 3D modeling and other relevant software. In addition to technical skills, successful Virtual Reality Developers tend to be creative problem-solvers who are able to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions to complex challenges. They're also excellent communicators who can work well in a team environment, collaborating with others to bring their ideas to life. Job prospects in this field are excellent, with demand for Virtual Reality Developers expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Some notable employers in the field include companies like Oculus VR, Google, and Microsoft, as well as a range of startups and smaller firms that are pushing the boundaries of what's possible with virtual reality. So if you're someone who's passionate about technology and loves the idea of creating immersive, interactive experiences that transport users to new worlds, a career in Virtual Reality Development might be just what you're looking for. With exciting opportunities and endless possibilities, it's a field that's sure to keep you engaged and inspired for years to come!

Pyrex, the first-ever consumer cooking products made with temperature-resistant glass, revolutionized the way we think about glass and fueled an interest in more durable materials. Learn about the history of Pyrex and its impact on the functional design of cookware in an exhibit at the Corning Museum of Glass. Discover how home economics and the role of women in academia, public education, industry, and government influenced the development of Pyrex.

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, but it has a weakness: it's prone to catastrophic cracking that costs billions of dollars to repair each year. However, scientists have discovered ways to create concrete that can heal itself. By adding hidden glue or bacteria and fungi spores to the concrete mix, cracks can be repaired up to almost 1mm wide. This technique has the potential to make concrete more resilient and long-lasting, which could drastically reduce the financial and environmental cost of concrete production. Learning about the science behind concrete and its potential for self-healing can not only be intellectually stimulating but also practically beneficial for the future of construction. Imagine being part of the solution to creating more sustainable and durable infrastructure for our cities.

Have you ever dreamed of starting your own company, bringing an innovative idea to life and changing the world? If so, a career as a Start-up Founder might be perfect for you! As a Start-up Founder, you will be responsible for creating and developing a new business from scratch. This means you'll need to be a creative thinker, a problem solver, a risk-taker and a visionary all rolled into one. You'll need to identify a gap in the market, come up with a unique solution, and then build a team to help you turn your vision into a reality. One of the most appealing aspects of being a Start-up Founder is the potential to make a real difference in the world. Just think of companies like Airbnb, Uber and Facebook, which have revolutionized the way we travel, commute and connect with each other. By starting your own company, you could have the opportunity to create something truly groundbreaking and change people's lives for the better. Typical duties of a Start-up Founder include everything from developing a business plan and securing funding to hiring employees and managing day-to-day operations. Depending on the nature of your business, you may also need to specialize in areas such as marketing, sales, product development or technology. To become a Start-up Founder, there is no one-size-fits-all education or training path. However, many successful founders have a background in business, engineering, computer science or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include Business Administration, Entrepreneurship, Computer Science, and Engineering. Helpful personal attributes for a Start-up Founder include creativity, perseverance, adaptability, and the ability to take calculated risks. You'll also need to be a strong communicator and team player, as you'll be working closely with a variety of people, from investors to employees to customers. Job prospects for Start-up Founders are highly variable, as the success of your business will depend on a wide range of factors. However, there are many exciting and notable potential employers from both the public and private sectors around the world. For example, in the United States, you might consider working with venture capital firms like Sequoia Capital or Andreessen Horowitz, or with accelerators like Y Combinator or Techstars. In Europe, you might look to organizations like Startupbootcamp or Seedcamp. And in Asia, you might explore opportunities with firms like 500 Startups or SoftBank. In the longer term, the outlook for Start-up Founders is bright, as the demand for innovative products and services continues to grow. Whether you're interested in developing a new app, launching a sustainable fashion line or creating a social enterprise, there are endless opportunities for entrepreneurial-minded individuals to make their mark on the world as a Start-up Founder.

Batteries are a crucial part of our modern lives, powering everything from our smartphones to our cars. But the production and disposal of batteries have significant environmental impacts, from toxic chemicals and heavy metals to greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, there are sustainable options and alternatives to batteries that can help mitigate these negative effects. One such option is kinetic energy, which converts motion into electricity. For example, the piezoelectric effect harnesses energy from pressure, while the triboelectric effect converts friction into electricity. Another alternative to batteries is supercapacitors, which store energy in an electric field rather than a chemical reaction. They charge and discharge quickly and have a longer lifespan than traditional batteries. These sustainable options and alternatives to batteries are being researched and developed by leading academics in the field of materials science and engineering. Dr. Jennifer Lewis, a professor of biologically inspired engineering at Harvard University, is leading a team that is working on creating 3D-printed energy storage devices using a hydrogel-based ink. Meanwhile, Dr. Yi Cui at Stanford University is researching how to improve the energy density and safety of solid-state batteries. By exploring academic topics like materials science and engineering, students can learn about the properties of different materials and how they can be manipulated to create sustainable technologies. You can also learn about the environmental impact of technology and how sustainable alternatives can mitigate these effects. In conclusion, sustainable alternatives to batteries offer exciting opportunities for innovation and environmental sustainability. By exploring academic topics related to these technologies, high school students can gain a deeper understanding of the scientific principles behind sustainable energy and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Fiber optics is a revolutionary technology that has transformed long-distance communication. Unlike traditional copper wires, fiber optic cables carry pulses of light, which represent digital data. These cables can transmit an enormous amount of information over great distances, with minimal power loss. Fiber optics has enabled the creation of the internet, which has become a planetary computer connecting people across the globe. However, the vast majority of internet traffic is processed in data centers, where electrical cables waste half their running power as heat. To address this problem, researchers have developed integrated photonics, a technology that uses ultrathin silicon wires to guide light. This allows for the creation of tiny photonic chips that plug into servers and convert electrical signals to optical and back, enabling power-efficient fiber connections. Integrated photonics also has the potential to break open wireless bandwidth limitations and make hyperfast wireless connectivity a reality. By learning about fiber optics and integrated photonics, students can gain a deeper understanding of the technology that powers the internet and the potential for future innovation.

Product engineering is a fascinating and dynamic field that combines creative design thinking, advanced technology, and business acumen to produce innovative products that improve our lives. From smartphones to self-driving cars, the field of product engineering has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. At its core, product engineering involves designing, developing, and refining products to meet the needs of users while ensuring their safety, efficiency, and sustainability. This interdisciplinary field draws on a range of disciplines, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, materials science, and human factors engineering. In recent years, product engineering has seen some exciting research and innovation. For example, 3D printing has transformed the way we prototype and manufacture products, while artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled us to create smarter, more responsive products. Notable academic figures in the field include Don Norman, who has written extensively on the intersection of design and human behavior, and Clayton Christensen, who coined the term "disruptive innovation" and has had a profound impact on the way we think about product development. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to take a range of courses that cover the fundamentals of product engineering, including design thinking, prototyping, and manufacturing. Typical majors and modules include product design, manufacturing processes, materials science, and computer-aided design. Students can also explore areas of further specialization such as robotics, mechatronics, or product management. Product engineering opens up a wealth of career opportunities, including roles in product design, development, and management, as well as in fields such as quality control, supply chain management, and user experience. Key industries for prospective employment include technology, automotive, and consumer goods, with notable employers such as Apple, Tesla, and Procter & Gamble. To succeed in this field, students should have a strong foundation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), as well as excellent problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and creativity. They should also be able to work well in teams, communicate effectively, and be comfortable with uncertainty and change.

Industrial design is a dynamic and exciting field that involves the creation and development of innovative and appealing products. If you have a passion for design, technology, and creativity, then industrial design may be the perfect career choice for you. As an industrial designer, you will have the opportunity to work on a wide range of projects, from household items such as furniture and appliances to more complex products like cars and airplanes. Your role will be to create aesthetically pleasing and functional products that meet the needs of the user while also being efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. One inspiring example of industrial design is the Tesla Model S electric car, which seamlessly blends cutting-edge technology with sleek, modern design. Another great example is the Herman Miller Aeron chair, which revolutionized office seating with its ergonomic design and comfortable materials. As an industrial designer, your duties may include researching and identifying user needs and preferences, developing design concepts and prototypes, creating detailed technical drawings, and collaborating with engineers and manufacturers to ensure that the product is produced to your design specifications. Industrial design also offers a wide range of potential specializations, including product design, automotive design, furniture design, and even toy design. Other related fields include graphic design, fashion design, and architecture. To become an industrial designer, you will typically need a bachelor's degree in industrial design, product design, or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include Industrial Design at Rhode Island School of Design, Product Design at ArtCenter College of Design, and Industrial and Product Design at Carnegie Mellon University. Helpful personal attributes for success in industrial design include strong creativity, problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in a team environment. Job prospects for industrial designers are positive, with the US Bureau of Labor Statistics projecting a 5% growth rate over the next ten years. Notable employers in this field include Apple, Nike, BMW, Philips, and Samsung.

Unlock the power of 3D storytelling with this comprehensive guide! Hollywood producer Bruce Block and Dreamworks stereoscopic supervisor Philip Captain 3D McNally share their insider knowledge on how to creatively use 3D to enhance your storytelling. From integrating 3D design into your script to directing and designing the depth of your shots, this book provides practical tips and techniques that can be immediately applied to your 3D production. With interviews from leading stereographers and visual aids to illustrate key concepts, this guide is a must-read for anyone looking to take their 3D storytelling to the next level." Recommended for filmmakers, cinematographers, and designers looking to enhance their storytelling with 3D technology. This book provides practical tips and techniques on how to integrate 3D design into your script or story, direct and design the 3D depth of your shots, and create a comfortable viewing experience for the audience. It also covers editing and directorial considerations for 3D, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in the technical and aesthetic aspects of 3D storytelling. Whether you're a student of film, a professional in the industry, or simply a lover of 3D technology, this guide is an essential foundation for mastering the art of 3D storytelling.

Plastics have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, but few of us know the history behind this versatile material. The first plastic was created in 1863 by an American named John Wesley Hyatt, who invented celluloid, made from cellulose found in wood and straw. This discovery led to a cascade of new plastics, including bakelite, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylics, and nylon. Plastics have replaced other materials like wood, glass, and fabric in furniture, clothing, and packaging. While plastics have brought convenience and cost-effectiveness, they have also created staggering environmental problems. Many plastics are made of nonrenewable resources, and plastic packaging was designed to be single-use, but some plastics take centuries to decompose, creating a huge buildup of waste. By learning about plastics, students can understand how science and innovation have shaped our world, and they can explore ways to address the environmental problems associated with plastic use.

Can robots that respond to disasters and dangerous situations prompt us to be more prosocial? Research from Stanford Graduate School of Business and the University of Macau reveals that helpful robots don't inspire people and can even demotivate them to help others. Find out why and how this can impact the future of human-robot interaction.

Unlock the secrets of microscopic processes with microrobots! Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and University of Ljubljana are using physical intelligence to manipulate colloidal fluids of nematic liquid crystals with magnetically controlled microrobots. This groundbreaking work, published in Advanced Functional Materials, lays the foundation for understanding small-scale interactions and has exciting potential applications in the optical device industry and beyond.

MIT researchers have developed an AR headset, X-AR, that gives the wearer X-ray vision to locate and retrieve hidden items. Using RF signals and RFID tags, the headset directs the user to the hidden object, which shows up as a transparent sphere in the AR interface. X-AR could revolutionize e-commerce warehouses and manufacturing facilities by quickly finding items on cluttered shelves or buried in boxes. The research will be presented at the USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation.

Are you the type of person who loves to build and design machines? Do you enjoy figuring out how things work and finding innovative solutions to complex problems? Then a career in mechanical engineering may be the perfect fit for you! Mechanical engineering is a diverse and exciting field that involves the design, development, and manufacturing of a wide range of machines and mechanical systems. From designing high-performance cars and airplanes to creating advanced medical equipment, mechanical engineers play a crucial role in shaping the world around us. One of the most exciting aspects of a career in mechanical engineering is the opportunity to work on projects that can have a real impact on people's lives. For example, you might be involved in the development of medical devices that save lives, or in creating new renewable energy sources that help to protect the environment. As a mechanical engineer, you can work in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, energy, and healthcare. Some common duties may include designing and testing new products, analyzing data to improve existing systems, and collaborating with other engineers and professionals to solve complex problems. There are also many areas of specialization within mechanical engineering, such as robotics, materials science, and nanotechnology. By choosing a specialization, you can focus on a specific area of interest and become an expert in that field. To become a mechanical engineer, you will typically need a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and materials science. Helpful personal attributes for a career in mechanical engineering include strong problem-solving skills, creativity, attention to detail, and a passion for innovation. The job prospects for mechanical engineers are generally positive, with opportunities in both the public and private sectors around the world. Some notable employers in the field include General Electric, Boeing, and BMW.

Are you fascinated by the world of mobile technology and the endless possibilities it offers? Do you have a passion for creating innovative apps that can make a real difference in people's lives? Then studying App Development at university undergraduate level might just be the perfect fit for you! App Development is a field of study that focuses on the design, development, and implementation of mobile applications for a variety of platforms, including iOS and Android. This exciting field combines elements of computer science, design, and business to create cutting-edge apps that can be used by millions of people around the world. One of the most appealing aspects of App Development is the opportunity to work on projects that have real-world impact. From health and fitness apps that help people live healthier lives, to educational apps that make learning more accessible and engaging, the possibilities are endless. Some notable examples include the popular meditation app Headspace, and the language learning app Duolingo. In terms of academic discourse, App Development is a rapidly evolving field with constant innovations and research. Prominent academic figures in this field include Steve Jobs, who revolutionized the mobile industry with the introduction of the iPhone, and Mark Zuckerberg, who developed Facebook's mobile app to become one of the most widely used apps in the world. At undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in App Development include programming languages such as Java and Swift, mobile app design, and user experience. Further specializations can include game development, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence. Some exciting examples of specializations include developing apps for virtual reality headsets, creating apps that use machine learning to personalize content, and building apps that leverage blockchain technology for added security. The job prospects for App Development graduates are incredibly promising, with a wide range of potential career paths available. Graduates can work as mobile app developers, software engineers, UX designers, product managers, and more. Key industries for prospective future employment include healthcare, education, entertainment, and finance. Notable employers in this field include Apple, Google, Facebook, and Amazon. To succeed in App Development, you will need a combination of technical skills and creative flair. Strong skills in programming languages such as Java and Swift are essential, as well as an eye for design and a passion for innovation. Additionally, a strong work ethic, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in a team are all highly valued in this field. In conclusion, if you are passionate about mobile technology and want to make a real impact on the world through innovative app development, then studying App Development at university undergraduate level is the perfect choice for you!

Are you curious about how to create a successful user experience for your website? Look no further than "The Elements of User Experience" by Jesse James Garrett. This book provides an accessible introduction to web development, guiding you through strategy, requirements, information architecture, and visual design. What's unique about this book is its conceptual model of user-centered design, which has been adopted beyond web design to fields such as software development and industrial design. Whether you're a seasoned web developer or just starting out, this book is an essential read for anyone looking to enhance the user experience of their website. This book is not just for web developers and UX designers, but also relevant to computer science, marketing, and business fields. It provides a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of user experience development. The conceptual model of user-centered design presented in the book is not limited to web design, but can also be applied to various industries, making it a useful framework for improving the usability and effectiveness of any product.