Discover the rich and complex history of American cuisine and the central role that enslaved cooks played in shaping it. From the famous Chef Hercules who cooked for George Washington, to countless unnamed practitioners, the story of Southern cuisine is inseparable from the story of American racism. But by reckoning with this history, we can learn to love our country while also being critical of it. Explore the archaeological evidence and material culture that sheds light on the experiences of these skilled cooks, and how they created and normalized the mixture of European, African, and Native American cuisines that became the staples of Southern food.

"Midnight's Children" by Salman Rushdie is a novel that takes readers on a magical journey through the history of India and Pakistan. The protagonist, Saleem Sinai, is born at the stroke of midnight on the day of India's independence from British rule, and he and other children born at the same time possess extraordinary powers. The novel explores themes of revolution, migration, and identity, making it a work of postcolonial literature. Rushdie enriches the story with cultural references and magical realism, and his writing challenges readers to question the idea of a single narrative of history. By reading "Midnight's Children," students can gain a deeper understanding of the complex history of India and Pakistan, as well as explore the power of storytelling and the importance of embracing multiple versions of reality.

Are you curious about the real story behind Queen Cleopatra? The new Netflix docudrama series, Queen Cleopatra, has sparked debate about her ethnicity and portrayal over time. In an article from The Conversation, historian Toby Wilkinson sheds light on the past and reveals why Cleopatra is such an important figure in history. Learn about her strategic leadership, personal charisma, and lasting reputation. Don't miss out on this fascinating read!

Did people in the past really do things differently? French historian Paul Veyne challenges us to dive into the deep alienness of history. Discover the historically distinctive modality of public giving in the ancient Roman world, and the motivations behind it. Explore the dangers of assuming a casual familiarity with antiquity, and the importance of historical imagination.

Have you ever wondered about the origin and influence of sugar and spices in shaping human history? From ancient trade routes to contemporary cuisine, the history of sugar and spices is a complex and intriguing tale. Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and black pepper were considered valuable for their medicinal properties and ability to preserve food, largely making them more precious than gold. This sparked the establishment of trade routes, including the famous Spice Road, connecting the East to the West and dramatically transforming economies and cultures along the way. This early global trade network began around 2000 years ago and played a crucial role in the growth of trade, commerce and cultural exchange. Sugar, however, has a relatively more recent history, but its impact has been no less profound. Sugar cane was discovered in the Caribbean in the 16th century, leading to the growth of the sugar trade and the establishment of massive sugar plantations. This history of sugar is intertwined with colonialism, slavery, and globalization, which had far-reaching consequences that continue to affect the world today. Leading scholars such as James Walvin and Sidney Mintz have made crucial contributions to our understanding of the history of sugar and spices. Walvin has written extensively on the history of slavery, exploring its role in the growth of the sugar trade, while Mintz has focused on the cultural significance of sugar and its impact on shaping the modern world. For instance, Mintz's book "Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History" details how sugar became a staple of modern diets and how it transformed economic and political systems around the world. On the other hand, Walvin's "Black Ivory: Slavery in the British Empire" examines the impact of the slave trade on the growth of the sugar industry, particularly in the British Empire. In conclusion, the history of sugar and spices is a captivating story, filled with fascinating stories, important lessons about power, trade, and culture, and offers a unique perspective on how these basic ingredients have shaped the world we live in today. So, grab a cup of tea and get ready to embark on a sweet and spicy journey through history!

One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez is a novel that brings Latin American literature to the forefront of the global imagination. The novel chronicles the fortunes and misfortunes of the Buendía family over seven generations, with its lush, detailed sentences, a large cast of characters, and a tangled narrative. The novel is not an easy read, but it is deeply rewarding, with an epic assortment of intense romances, civil war, political intrigue, globe-trotting adventurers, and more characters named Aureliano than you'd think possible. The novel is one of the most famous examples of a literary genre known as magical realism, where supernatural events or abilities are described in a realistic and matter-of-fact tone, while the real events of human life and history reveal themselves to be full of fantastical absurdity. Beneath the magic is a story about the pattern of Colombian and Latin American history from colonial times onward. This is a history that the author experienced firsthand, and the novel still holds hope for building a better world.

Are you curious about the origins of the West? Do you want to know more about the common heritage and identity that supposedly unites the Western world? Then you won't want to miss this fascinating article from Smithsonian Magazine that delves deep into the myths and realities of Western civilization. From the classical worlds of Greece and Rome to the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Golden Age, this article uncovers the complex cultural interactions that have shaped the West, challenging traditional narratives and shedding new light on the origins of our shared history.

Board games can be a fun pastime, but what happens when they reinforce prejudices and glorify colonial domination? Researchers at MIT and Dartmouth delve into the history of board games in their new book, "Playing Oppression," and analyze the assumptions baked into many of them. From the problematic elements of "Puerto Rico" to the glorification of empire-building in games like "Empires: Age of Discovery," this book sheds light on the legacy of conquest and empire in colonialist board games.

Discover the all-female regiment of warriors who existed from the late 1600s to the early 1900s in West Africa's Kingdom of Dahomey. Historian Pamela Toler sheds light on the legacy of these fierce women soldiers and the society they arose from, providing a more multidimensional image of these women warriors. Learn about their origins, their role in society, and their impressive feat of amassing a squadron of women willing to die protecting their kingdom. Explore the rich history of powerful ancient civilizations that flourished throughout the continent of Africa, including the West African empires of the Ashanti, Mali, and the Songhai.

Why have so many Native Americans fought for a country that has colonized and broken promises to them for centuries? The Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian is exploring this question in a new book and exhibition, "Why We Serve: Native Americans in the United States Armed Forces". The book highlights the unique traditions and motivations that Indigenous people bring to their military service, challenging stereotypes and shedding light on a long history of devotion to the U.S. military.

Are you interested in exploring the dark history of witchcraft in France? The High Middle Ages (1300-1500) were a time of political turmoil, with localized politics and constant struggles with feudal lords. This scarcity of primary sources makes researching witchcraft in France frustrating, but it can help to start with regional sources. Witch hunts and trials were regional in nature, affected by larger historical events, such as the Protestant Reformation. The Library of Congress holds many editions and translations of important texts on the topic, including The Witch Hammer, which became a handbook for conducting torture. Read more to uncover the fascinating history of witchcraft in France.

Explore the fascinating history of French colonialism and its impact on labor practices and slavery, as seen through the eyes of Kelly Brignac, a Harvard Ph.D. graduate in history. Brignac's journey, from growing up in New Orleans immersed in French traditions to researching the history of the French Empire, is marked by unexpected discoveries and a passion for uncovering hidden truths. Through her research, Brignac reveals the dark side of French history and sheds light on the experiences of those subjected to forced labor and exploitation. Join Brignac on a journey of discovery as she unboxes the ugly sides of the past in her academic pursuits.

From her unexpected ascent to the throne to her seven-decade rule, Queen Elizabeth II left an indelible mark on the world. Explore the life of Britain's longest-reigning monarch and her journey through triumph and sorrow, conflict and change.

Are you fascinated by the past and how it shapes our present? Do you love digging deep into the stories of people, places, and events that have made the world what it is today? If so, studying History at university undergraduate level might be the perfect fit for you. History is a field of study that explores the past and its impact on the present. It's an exciting and dynamic subject that covers everything from ancient civilizations to modern-day political movements. By studying History, you'll gain a deep understanding of how societies and cultures have evolved over time, and how historical events have shaped the world we live in today. One of the most exciting aspects of studying History is the opportunity to conduct original research and contribute to ongoing academic discourse. From uncovering new information about ancient civilizations to analyzing the impact of recent political movements, there's always something new and exciting to discover in the field of History. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in History might include topics like World History, American History, European History, and more. As you progress through your studies, you'll have the opportunity to specialize in areas like military history, social history, cultural history, and more. So what can you do with a degree in History? The possibilities are endless! History graduates are in high demand across a range of industries, including education, government, law, and more. You might work as a museum curator, a historical consultant, or a teacher. You could also pursue a career in journalism, public policy, or international relations. Some notable employers for History graduates include the Smithsonian Institution, the National Park Service, and the United Nations. But no matter where your career takes you, the skills you'll develop as a History major - critical thinking, research, and analysis - will be invaluable. To succeed in the field of History, it's helpful to have a passion for learning and a deep curiosity about the world around you. Strong writing and research skills are also essential, as is the ability to think critically and analyze complex information. If you're ready to explore the past and shape the future, studying History may be the perfect fit for you.

Discover how graphic novels bring global history to life, capturing the impact of significant events on everyday lives, and exploring the complexities of memory and historical research.

Chess is more than just a game - it's a tool of military strategy, a metaphor for human affairs, and a benchmark of genius. With a history dating back over one-and-a-half millennia, chess has transcended cultures and continents, evolving into the form we know today. Chess theory was born in Europe, where it became part of courtly education and was used as an allegory for different social classes performing their proper roles. Chess has had a rich and varied history, from the Islamic conquest of Persia to the Cold War, and even today, chess software is capable of consistently defeating the best human players. Learning about the history and strategy of chess can help students develop their critical thinking skills and creativity, and provide insights into human culture and history.

Charles Dickens is one of the most celebrated writers in history. His works are characterized by brooding settings, plot twists, and intricate social backdrops that explore the harsh realities of Victorian life. Despite the grimy, corrupt, and cruel settings of his novels, Dickens saw his time as one of wonder and possibility. His characters, often destabilized and victimized, negotiate with a shadowy cast of characters and are propelled into high society. Reading Dickens is the best of times for the reader while being the worst of times for his characters. However, Dickens's sparkling language and panoramic worldview continue to resonate, and his works are still relevant today. By exploring Dickens's writings, students can develop their critical thinking skills, understand the complexities of society, and appreciate the power of storytelling.

In this video clip, we learn about the birthplace of democracy, ancient Athens, and how they practiced direct democracy through never-ending referendums. We also hear from Plato, one of the most famous thinkers in history, who believed that the best form of government is aristocracy, ruled by the best-educated individuals who make wise decisions for society. While his views were classist, Plato's key message is to make just, prudent, and wise decisions based on virtue, rather than letting passion guide our decisions. Learning about these academic concepts can benefit students intellectually by expanding their knowledge of history and philosophy, and practically by helping them develop critical thinking skills and the ability to make informed decisions. So, let's explore these ideas and strive to make wise decisions based on virtue, just like Plato's selfless aristocrats.

The "Aeneid" by Virgil is an epic poem that aims to capture the unsettled nature of Roman politics in the second half of the 1st century B.C. The poem is written in dactylic hexameter and spans twelve separate sections, the first six of which mirror the structure of the "Odyssey" and the last six echo the "Iliad". By connecting the founding of Rome to the mythological stories that his audience knew so well, Virgil was able to link his hero Aeneas to the character of Augustus. Aeneas is on a quest to establish a new home for his people and faces all kinds of obstacles. Virgil presents Aeneas as a sort of model for Augustus, and that's probably one of the reasons the emperor was so eager to save the poem from destruction. The "Aeneid" has survived to ask questions about the nature of power and authority ever since. By exploring this epic poem, students can gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of Ancient Rome and the literary techniques used to convey complex ideas.

Are you interested in learning about the impact of the American Revolution on the French Revolution? The Library of Congress has an article that explores the relationship between the two revolutions and how they were influenced by political theories. You'll also discover the complex roles of women, people of color, and Native Americans during this time. Don't miss out on this fascinating read!