Board games can be a fun pastime, but what happens when they reinforce prejudices and glorify colonial domination? Researchers at MIT and Dartmouth delve into the history of board games in their new book, "Playing Oppression," and analyze the assumptions baked into many of them. From the problematic elements of "Puerto Rico" to the glorification of empire-building in games like "Empires: Age of Discovery," this book sheds light on the legacy of conquest and empire in colonialist board games.

In 1941, the US Marine Corps refused to allow African Americans to join. But a year later, the first Black recruits arrived at Montford Point, North Carolina, and helped clear the land and construct the barracks. With only 20,000 names verified, the National Montford Point Marine Association is racing against time to identify and acknowledge the service of more men like Carroll William Braxton, who faced scorching abuse and racial slurs during his training. Discover the history of these unsung heroes, whose service is lauded in the same vein as the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, the Buffalo Soldiers, or the Tuskeegee Airmen.

Have you ever wondered about the origin and influence of sugar and spices in shaping human history? From ancient trade routes to contemporary cuisine, the history of sugar and spices is a complex and intriguing tale. Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and black pepper were considered valuable for their medicinal properties and ability to preserve food, largely making them more precious than gold. This sparked the establishment of trade routes, including the famous Spice Road, connecting the East to the West and dramatically transforming economies and cultures along the way. This early global trade network began around 2000 years ago and played a crucial role in the growth of trade, commerce and cultural exchange. Sugar, however, has a relatively more recent history, but its impact has been no less profound. Sugar cane was discovered in the Caribbean in the 16th century, leading to the growth of the sugar trade and the establishment of massive sugar plantations. This history of sugar is intertwined with colonialism, slavery, and globalization, which had far-reaching consequences that continue to affect the world today. Leading scholars such as James Walvin and Sidney Mintz have made crucial contributions to our understanding of the history of sugar and spices. Walvin has written extensively on the history of slavery, exploring its role in the growth of the sugar trade, while Mintz has focused on the cultural significance of sugar and its impact on shaping the modern world. For instance, Mintz's book "Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History" details how sugar became a staple of modern diets and how it transformed economic and political systems around the world. On the other hand, Walvin's "Black Ivory: Slavery in the British Empire" examines the impact of the slave trade on the growth of the sugar industry, particularly in the British Empire. In conclusion, the history of sugar and spices is a captivating story, filled with fascinating stories, important lessons about power, trade, and culture, and offers a unique perspective on how these basic ingredients have shaped the world we live in today. So, grab a cup of tea and get ready to embark on a sweet and spicy journey through history!

As a high school student, have you ever struggled to stay engaged in complex history lessons? In the summer of 1963, a teacher named Henry Littlefield had a brilliant idea to use "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" to teach American history. He saw connections between the story and the late 19th century Gilded Age, where farmers struggled while industry and finance in the North and East prospered, as well as how the story represented Populism. Littlefield believed that Dorothy represented a typical American girl whose life was turned upside down by powerful forces outside of her control, while the Scarecrow represented the farmer and the Tin Woodman represented the industrial worker. By exploring these connections, students can gain a deeper understanding of the complex social and economic issues of the time. Even though Baum claimed that the book was just an innocent children's story, scholars have found hidden meanings and connections that make it a fascinating subject of study. Learning to uncover hidden meanings and connections in literature can help you become a more critical thinker and better understand the world around you.

Unesco has added the baguette to its "intangible cultural heritage" list, celebrating the French way of life. Despite its decline in recent years, the baguette remains key to French identity and a daily ritual, synonymous with sharing and conviviality. Discover the history, artisanal know-how, and social habits behind this iconic bread that affects all socio-cultural categories, whether you're rich or poor.

In "Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom", Sidney W. Mintz examines how our food choices are shaped by a complex global economy, revealing much about our desires and relationships. From the rise of sugar over honey to the worldwide distribution of Coca-Cola, Mintz shows how our consumption of food can be influenced by external forces, including moral judgments and the demands of war. He argues that even under severe constraints, our food choices hold enormous significance for us. Through exploring the adaptation of enslaved Africans' cuisine to New World conditions, Mintz offers a symbolic hope of freedom. Recommended for foodies, history buffs, and anyone interested in the intersection of food and culture. This book provides insights into how our food choices are shaped by a complex global economy, moral judgments, and the demands of war. It also explores the creative adaptation of enslaved Africans' cuisine to New World conditions, offering a symbolic hope of freedom. The book raises questions about contemporary American eating habits and the rise of obesity, as well as the concept of an American cuisine. This book is relevant to students of history, anthropology, sociology, and culinary arts.

One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez is a novel that brings Latin American literature to the forefront of the global imagination. The novel chronicles the fortunes and misfortunes of the Buendía family over seven generations, with its lush, detailed sentences, a large cast of characters, and a tangled narrative. The novel is not an easy read, but it is deeply rewarding, with an epic assortment of intense romances, civil war, political intrigue, globe-trotting adventurers, and more characters named Aureliano than you'd think possible. The novel is one of the most famous examples of a literary genre known as magical realism, where supernatural events or abilities are described in a realistic and matter-of-fact tone, while the real events of human life and history reveal themselves to be full of fantastical absurdity. Beneath the magic is a story about the pattern of Colombian and Latin American history from colonial times onward. This is a history that the author experienced firsthand, and the novel still holds hope for building a better world.

"Midnight's Children" by Salman Rushdie is a novel that takes readers on a magical journey through the history of India and Pakistan. The protagonist, Saleem Sinai, is born at the stroke of midnight on the day of India's independence from British rule, and he and other children born at the same time possess extraordinary powers. The novel explores themes of revolution, migration, and identity, making it a work of postcolonial literature. Rushdie enriches the story with cultural references and magical realism, and his writing challenges readers to question the idea of a single narrative of history. By reading "Midnight's Children," students can gain a deeper understanding of the complex history of India and Pakistan, as well as explore the power of storytelling and the importance of embracing multiple versions of reality.

Chess is more than just a game - it's a tool of military strategy, a metaphor for human affairs, and a benchmark of genius. With a history dating back over one-and-a-half millennia, chess has transcended cultures and continents, evolving into the form we know today. Chess theory was born in Europe, where it became part of courtly education and was used as an allegory for different social classes performing their proper roles. Chess has had a rich and varied history, from the Islamic conquest of Persia to the Cold War, and even today, chess software is capable of consistently defeating the best human players. Learning about the history and strategy of chess can help students develop their critical thinking skills and creativity, and provide insights into human culture and history.

Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Beloved" explores the trauma and legacy of slavery that still haunts African-American history. The story follows Sethe, a woman who escaped enslavement but is still haunted by the ghost of her eldest daughter. Morrison's work investigates the roles of trauma and love, and how slavery is destructive to love in all forms. She shows that the human spirit is diminished when the things and people you love most will be taken away. "Beloved" delves into the psyche of townspeople, enslavers, and previously enslaved people, exposing conflicting viewpoints on reality. Despite touching on dark subjects, the book is also filled with beautiful prose, highlighting its characters' capacity for love and vulnerability. Morrison asks readers to consider hope in the dark and to use their power wisely. "Beloved" is a testimony to the destructiveness of hate, the redeeming power of love, and the responsibility we bear to heed the voices of the past.

Are you interested in exploring the dark history of witchcraft in France? The High Middle Ages (1300-1500) were a time of political turmoil, with localized politics and constant struggles with feudal lords. This scarcity of primary sources makes researching witchcraft in France frustrating, but it can help to start with regional sources. Witch hunts and trials were regional in nature, affected by larger historical events, such as the Protestant Reformation. The Library of Congress holds many editions and translations of important texts on the topic, including The Witch Hammer, which became a handbook for conducting torture. Read more to uncover the fascinating history of witchcraft in France.

Food is not just about sustenance. It is also a marker of culture, tradition, and identity. However, what happens when this identity is stripped away, and traditional foodways are appropriated? Culinary appropriation is the act of taking a traditional dish, ingredient, or technique from one culture and using it for commercial gain or to create a new fusion dish without proper acknowledgement or respect for its origins. It is a complex issue with deep roots in colonialism. During colonialism, the colonizers imposed their food, language, and culture on the colonized people, effectively erasing their traditional ways of life. They used food to exert power and control over the colonized people, not just through the physical act of food production, but also by using it as a tool of cultural dominance. This process led to the commodification and commercialization of traditional food, leading to the loss of traditional foodways and cultural identity. Culinary appropriation is not just a historical issue. It still happens today, with cultural foods being misappropriated for profit or commercial gain. For example, many traditional Indigenous foods have been misappropriated, leading to the loss of cultural identity and economic benefits. Additionally, many non-Asian restaurants have profited from the popularity of sushi, ramen, and other Asian foods, without acknowledging the cultural roots of these dishes. Leading academics in the field of culinary appropriation and colonialism include Krishnendu Ray, who coined the term "culinary gentrification," and has pointed out that culinary appropriation reinforces a power dynamic in which the colonizer's culture is seen as superior, while the colonized culture is seen as inferior. So, what can we do to combat culinary appropriation? One way is to actively seek out and support local, traditional food producers and restaurants. Additionally, we can educate ourselves and others about the cultural roots of our favorite foods and dishes. It is important to acknowledge the history and traditions behind the food we consume, and to give credit where it is due. Remember, food is not just about taste, it is also about culture, history, and identity. Let's celebrate and respect the traditions and cultural roots of the food we consume.

Colonial history is a complex and often painful subject, involving the histories and legacies of colonization, empire, and slavery. In recent years, the concept of colonial history revisionism has been in the spotlight, as scholars, activists, and communities have challenged traditional narratives and sought to center the experiences of those who have been marginalized or silenced. In this write-up, we will explore the key concepts and debates around colonial history revisionism, as well as the contributions of leading academics in the field. Colonial history revisionism involves questioning and re-examining traditional narratives of colonization, empire, and slavery. This can include challenging dominant perspectives that have centered white, European perspectives, and silencing or marginalizing the voices of colonized peoples and enslaved Africans. Revisionism also involves looking at the ways in which colonial legacies continue to shape our world today, from economic inequality to systemic racism. One of the key debates within colonial history revisionism is around the concept of "decolonization." This term refers to the process of undoing the effects of colonization and centering the voices and experiences of colonized peoples. However, there is debate around what decolonization looks like in practice, and whether it is possible within existing structures of power. There are many academics who have contributed to the field of colonial history revisionism. One of the most influential is Edward Said, who wrote extensively on the concept of Orientalism and the ways in which Western perspectives have shaped the study of the "Orient." Another important figure is Frantz Fanon, who wrote about the psychological effects of colonization on the colonized, and the need for a "decolonization of the mind." More recent scholars include Saidiya Hartman, who explores the experiences of enslaved Africans and their descendants, and Jemima Pierre, who looks at the connections between colonialism and the global economy. In conclusion, colonial history revisionism is a vital field of study that challenges traditional narratives and center the voices and experiences of those who have been marginalized or silenced. By exploring this area further, students can deepen their understanding of colonial history and its legacies, and contribute to ongoing efforts to decolonize our world.

Academic exploration can come from unexpected places, like the story of John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Despite his flaws, Montagu's moment of vision led to the creation of the sandwich, a food now consumed by millions every day. This story highlights the importance of creativity and innovation in academic pursuits. By exploring new ideas and perspectives, students can make important discoveries and contributions to their fields. Additionally, the practical benefits of academic exploration are clear - the ability to think critically and problem-solve are valuable skills in any profession. So, take inspiration from the sandwich and don't be afraid to think outside the box in your academic pursuits.

Discover the rich and complex history of American cuisine and the central role that enslaved cooks played in shaping it. From the famous Chef Hercules who cooked for George Washington, to countless unnamed practitioners, the story of Southern cuisine is inseparable from the story of American racism. But by reckoning with this history, we can learn to love our country while also being critical of it. Explore the archaeological evidence and material culture that sheds light on the experiences of these skilled cooks, and how they created and normalized the mixture of European, African, and Native American cuisines that became the staples of Southern food.

Arundhati Roy's novel "The God of Small Things" explores the tragic events that lead to the separation of fraternal twins Rahel and Estha, set in a town in Kerala, India. Roy's rich language and masterful storytelling earned her the prestigious Booker Prize, as she examines the culture of her native India, including its social mores and colonial history. One of her focuses is the caste system, a way of classifying people by hereditary social class that is thousands of years old. Although the caste system was abolished in 1950, it continued to shape social life in India, routinely marginalizing people of lower castes. Roy warns that the tragic consequences of forbidden relationships between different castes "would lurk forever in ordinary things." Her writing makes constant use of these ordinary things, bringing lush detail to even the most tragic moments. The novel explores the characters' struggles to operate in a world where they don't quite fit, alongside their nation's political turmoil. "The God of Small Things" is a compelling and thought-provoking read that encourages readers to reflect on the complexities of society and human relationships.

Are you fascinated by the past and how it shapes our present? Do you love digging deep into the stories of people, places, and events that have made the world what it is today? If so, studying History at university undergraduate level might be the perfect fit for you. History is a field of study that explores the past and its impact on the present. It's an exciting and dynamic subject that covers everything from ancient civilizations to modern-day political movements. By studying History, you'll gain a deep understanding of how societies and cultures have evolved over time, and how historical events have shaped the world we live in today. One of the most exciting aspects of studying History is the opportunity to conduct original research and contribute to ongoing academic discourse. From uncovering new information about ancient civilizations to analyzing the impact of recent political movements, there's always something new and exciting to discover in the field of History. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in History might include topics like World History, American History, European History, and more. As you progress through your studies, you'll have the opportunity to specialize in areas like military history, social history, cultural history, and more. So what can you do with a degree in History? The possibilities are endless! History graduates are in high demand across a range of industries, including education, government, law, and more. You might work as a museum curator, a historical consultant, or a teacher. You could also pursue a career in journalism, public policy, or international relations. Some notable employers for History graduates include the Smithsonian Institution, the National Park Service, and the United Nations. But no matter where your career takes you, the skills you'll develop as a History major - critical thinking, research, and analysis - will be invaluable. To succeed in the field of History, it's helpful to have a passion for learning and a deep curiosity about the world around you. Strong writing and research skills are also essential, as is the ability to think critically and analyze complex information. If you're ready to explore the past and shape the future, studying History may be the perfect fit for you.

Did you know that ketchup, the ubiquitous American condiment, has roots in China and Southeast Asia? And that it's used in surprising ways around the world, including in ketchup cake? The current trade war has even put ketchup in the spotlight, revealing how countries use symbolic products to retaliate. Learn about the history and global impact of ketchup, and discover how cultural stereotypes are exposed during trade wars.

"War and Peace" may seem like an intimidating tome, but it is a thrilling examination of history populated with deep and realistic characters. This epic novel by Tolstoy explores the interconnected lives of aristocrats in Russia on the eve of war with France. While the characters and their psychologies are gripping, Tolstoy is not afraid to interrupt the narrative to pose insightful questions about history, culture, philosophy, psychology, and the human response to war. This panoramic scope makes "War and Peace" a unique and valuable work of literature. By reading this book, students can gain a deeper understanding of history and its impact on society, as well as develop their critical thinking skills. So, don't be intimidated by its length, "War and Peace" is a worthwhile read that can broaden your intellectual horizons.

Discover the ancient Greek and Roman city organization through the fresh and accurate perspective of Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges' 1864 masterpiece, La Cité antique. Unlike other post-Classical histories, Fustel de Coulanges drew upon physical evidence and ancient documents to reveal the religious, family, and civic life of Periclean Athens and Rome during the time of Cicero. This fascinating sociological account highlights the significance of kinship and the cult of family hearth and ancestors to ancient Hellenic and Latin urban culture, tracing their gradual decline to the spread of Christianity. Explore the rise of family-centered pagan belief systems through Fustel's striking prose style and ingenuity of interpretation. Recommended for history enthusiasts, sociologists, and anyone interested in ancient cultures, Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges' La Cité antique offers a fresh and accurate perspective on the religious, family, and civic life of Periclean Athens and Rome during the time of Cicero. This fascinating sociological account chronicles the rise of family-centered pagan belief systems and their gradual decline to the spread of Christianity. With its unique approach, the book draws upon physical evidence and ancient documents to reveal the significance of kinship and the cult of family hearth and ancestors to ancient Hellenic and Latin urban culture. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the roots of modern Western civilization.