Does decanting wine really improve its taste or is it just a wine snob's affectation? Experts disagree on whether decanting makes a perceptible difference, but agree on one clear benefit. Discover the controversy behind decanting and decide for yourself whether it's worth it.

Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and how it interacts with other substances. It is a fascinating field that is essential to our everyday lives. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, chemistry plays a vital role in shaping the world around us. In recent years, chemistry has become even more exciting as researchers have made groundbreaking discoveries that are changing the world. For example, chemists are developing new materials that are stronger, lighter, and more durable than anything we've seen before. They are also working on new drugs that can cure diseases that were once thought to be incurable. Some of the most inspiring academic figures in the field of chemistry include Marie Curie, who discovered radium and polonium and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and Linus Pauling, who won two Nobel Prizes for his work on chemical bonds and the structure of molecules. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to study a range of topics, including organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. These modules will provide a solid foundation in the field and prepare students for further specialisation in areas such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, or environmental chemistry. Chemistry graduates are in high demand, and there are a range of exciting career options available to them. They can work in industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, or energy, or they can pursue careers in academia or research. Some notable employers include GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Dow Chemical Company. To succeed in chemistry, students should have a strong interest in science and mathematics. They should also be analytical, detail-oriented, and have excellent problem-solving skills. With these attributes and a passion for the subject, students can embark on a rewarding career in chemistry and make a real difference in the world.

Did you know that the oldest glue in the world is over 8,000 years old and comes from a cave near the Dead Sea? Ancient people used this glue, made from a mixture of animal bone and plant materials, to waterproof baskets and construct utensils. Today, we have enough types of tape and glue to build and repair almost anything. But have you ever wondered what gives glue and tape their stickiness? Adhesives can be made from synthetic molecules or natural proteins and carbohydrates. In order to work, glue and tape need both adhesive bonds and cohesive bonds. Glue is stronger than tape in terms of absolute strength of adhesive bonds, but no single adhesive works well in all circumstances. Engineers weigh similar factors all the time. Choosing the right glue to withstand the heat inside an engine is a matter of life and death. And though the strength of duct tape's adhesive bonds can't compete with those of epoxy glues, tape does have the advantage of instantaneous stickiness in an emergency. Learning about adhesives can help you understand how things are constructed and repaired, and can even save lives in certain situations.

Wine has been around for thousands of years, and its popularity continues to grow around the world. But have you ever wondered how wine is made? From vine to bottle, the process of winemaking involves a complex series of chemical reactions and physical transformations. In this write-up, we'll explore the science behind winemaking and the key factors that influence wine quality. First, let's start with the grapes. The type of grape used and its ripeness level are crucial factors in determining the final flavor profile of the wine. During the fermentation process, yeast consumes the natural sugars in the grape juice and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. This is where the bubbles in sparkling wines like champagne come from. The next step is aging, which can take place in oak barrels or stainless steel tanks. This is where the wine develops its characteristic flavor and aroma. Over time, the wine will go through chemical reactions that change its chemical composition, resulting in a smoother and more complex taste. Some of the key chemical compounds that contribute to the flavor of wine include tannins, which are responsible for the dry, astringent taste in red wine, and esters, which give wine its fruity aroma. Other important factors in winemaking include temperature, pH levels, and the use of additives such as sulfites. Leading academics in the field of wine science, such as Dr. Andrew Waterhouse of UC Davis and Dr. Linda Bisson of UC Davis, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the complex chemical processes involved in winemaking. Their research has helped in improving wine quality and consistency, as well as creating relevant regulations around wine production. The possibilities are endless when it comes to exploring the science of wine, so grab a bottle and get started!

Chemical reactions are essential to life and the world around us. From the simple process of combustion to the complex reactions that occur in living organisms, chemical reactions are constantly happening all around us. But have you ever wondered what happens on a molecular level during a chemical reaction? In this write-up, we will investigate the dynamics of chemical reactions and explore the fascinating world of molecules in motion. At the heart of every chemical reaction are the molecules involved. Molecules are constantly in motion, vibrating and colliding with one another. During a chemical reaction, the atoms in these molecules rearrange themselves to form new substances. This rearrangement is driven by the energy released or absorbed during the reaction. Chemical reactions can be classified based on the types of molecules involved and the way in which the atoms rearrange themselves. For example, in an oxidation-reduction reaction, one molecule loses electrons while another gains electrons. In an acid-base reaction, a proton (H+) is transferred from one molecule to another. One of the key factors that influence the dynamics of a chemical reaction is the activation energy. This is the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. Once the activation energy is overcome, the reaction can proceed spontaneously. The rate at which a reaction proceeds is also affected by other factors such as temperature, concentration, and the presence of a catalyst. Over the years, many leading scientists have made significant contributions to our understanding of chemical reactions. For example, in the early 20th century, Max Bodenstein developed the concept of reaction rates and showed that chemical reactions could be treated quantitatively. Later, Linus Pauling developed the concept of electronegativity, which explains how atoms bond to one another. In conclusion, the dynamics of chemical reactions and the motion of molecules are fundamental to our understanding of the world around us. By exploring this topic further, students can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity and beauty of the chemical world.

Plastics are everywhere, and most of them never biologically degrade. This is a major problem for our environment, as plastic waste pollutes natural ecosystems for centuries. Fortunately, there are microbes that may be able to help us solve this growing problem. Scientists have discovered bacteria, also known as plastivores, that contain enzymes capable of breaking down PET polymers, a common type of plastic. However, we still need ways to biologically degrade all the other types of plastic, including abundant PEs and PPs. Researchers are looking for more heat-tolerant plastivores in the planet's most hostile environments and engineering better plastivorous enzymes in the lab. As students, you have the opportunity to learn about this important issue and contribute to finding solutions. By exploring the science behind plastic degradation, you can gain a deeper understanding of how to protect our environment and create a more sustainable future.

Scientists have developed a simple and low-cost method to break down almost a dozen types of "forever chemicals" known as PFAS, which have contaminated virtually every drop of water on the planet and are associated with certain cancers and thyroid diseases. By using a chemical guillotine and common solvents and reagents, they severed the molecular bonds in PFAS, gradually nibbling away at the molecule until it was gone, leaving behind only safe byproducts. This breakthrough could eventually make it easier for water treatment plants to remove PFAS from drinking water.

Discover the science behind fried foods with a simple experiment that tests oil uptake, texture, and taste. Led by Fred Shih of the USDA, this team of professionals found surprising differences between beer-battered and water-based batters. Explore the world of food science and learn whether your future lies in the lab or at the bar.

Plastics have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, but few of us know the history behind this versatile material. The first plastic was created in 1863 by an American named John Wesley Hyatt, who invented celluloid, made from cellulose found in wood and straw. This discovery led to a cascade of new plastics, including bakelite, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylics, and nylon. Plastics have replaced other materials like wood, glass, and fabric in furniture, clothing, and packaging. While plastics have brought convenience and cost-effectiveness, they have also created staggering environmental problems. Many plastics are made of nonrenewable resources, and plastic packaging was designed to be single-use, but some plastics take centuries to decompose, creating a huge buildup of waste. By learning about plastics, students can understand how science and innovation have shaped our world, and they can explore ways to address the environmental problems associated with plastic use.

As a student, you might have wondered why your experiments didn't go as planned, or you struggled to find answers to your scientific questions. Here's where the scientific method comes in! The scientific method is a step-by-step process used to investigate and solve problems. By following the six steps - ask, research, form a hypothesis, experiment, analyze, and conclude - you can find solutions to your problems and answer your scientific queries. Learning the scientific method not only helps you solve everyday problems but also enhances your critical thinking and analytical skills, which can benefit you in your academic and personal life. Try it out and unleash your inner scientist!

Are you fascinated by the natural world and want to explore the mysteries of the universe? Then the study of Natural Sciences might be the perfect fit for you! Natural Sciences is a broad field of study that encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and astronomy. It is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand the natural world and the laws that govern it. One of the most appealing aspects of studying Natural Sciences is the opportunity to make groundbreaking discoveries that can change the world. From the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming to the development of the theory of relativity by Albert Einstein, Natural Sciences has produced some of the most significant innovations in human history. And with new technologies and research methods emerging every day, the possibilities for future discoveries are endless. At the undergraduate level, students can choose from a variety of majors and modules that allow them to specialize in a particular area of Natural Sciences. For example, a biology major might focus on genetics or ecology, while a physics major might specialize in astrophysics or quantum mechanics. And for those who want to take their studies even further, graduate programs in Natural Sciences offer a wide range of research opportunities and specialized areas of study. But what can you do with a degree in Natural Sciences? The answer is almost anything! Graduates of Natural Sciences are highly sought after in a variety of industries, including healthcare, technology, energy, and environmental science. Some of the most notable employers in these industries include NASA, Tesla, and the World Health Organization. To succeed in Natural Sciences, you need to have a curious mind, a passion for discovery, and a strong foundation in math and science. You should also be comfortable with experimentation and problem-solving, as these are the skills that will help you make groundbreaking discoveries and contribute to the advancement of human knowledge. So if you're ready to explore the mysteries of the universe and make a difference in the world, consider studying Natural Sciences. It's a field that offers endless possibilities for discovery and innovation, and it's sure to be a rewarding and fulfilling career path.

Are you aware that over 2 billion people globally drink water contaminated with disease-causing microbes? Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have developed a low-cost, recyclable powder that can kill thousands of waterborne bacteria per second when exposed to ordinary sunlight. This discovery could be a significant breakthrough for the nearly 30 percent of the world's population without access to safe drinking water. The results of their study are published in Nature Water.

Are you a steak lover looking to grill the perfect steak? Science has some answers! Meat scientists have spent whole careers studying how to produce the tenderest, most flavorful beef possible. From choosing the right cut of meat to the perfect cooking temperature and time, there are many variables to consider. Did you know that the amount of marbling and the composition of fatty acids in the meat affect its flavor? Or that the Maillard reaction creates roasty, nutty flavors that steak aficionados crave? Read on to learn more about the science behind grilling the perfect steak.

Are you interested in using your creativity and problem-solving skills to make a positive impact on the world? Then a career in chemical engineering might be right up your alley! Chemical engineering is a field that combines knowledge of chemistry, physics, and mathematics to design and develop new products and processes. As a chemical engineer, you could work in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, energy, food and beverage, and more. For example, you might work on developing new medicines to treat diseases, or on designing more efficient and sustainable ways to produce energy. One exciting aspect of chemical engineering is the potential for innovation and discovery. For example, chemical engineers have been instrumental in developing new materials like graphene, which has the potential to revolutionize industries from electronics to transportation. In terms of day-to-day duties, chemical engineers might be involved in everything from designing experiments and analyzing data to overseeing production processes and troubleshooting problems that arise. There are also many areas of specialization within the field, such as materials science, process design, and environmental engineering. To become a chemical engineer, you'll typically need to earn a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering or a related field. Some popular undergraduate programs include the chemical engineering programs at MIT, UC Berkeley, and the University of Texas at Austin. In addition to technical knowledge, there are a few personal attributes that can be helpful in a career in chemical engineering. These include strong problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to communicate complex ideas clearly and effectively. As for job prospects, chemical engineering is a field with plenty of opportunities for growth and advancement. Some notable employers include companies like Procter & Gamble, ExxonMobil, and DuPont, as well as government agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy. In conclusion, if you're interested in using your scientific knowledge to make a difference in the world, a career in chemical engineering might be the perfect fit for you. With plenty of opportunities for innovation and growth, this field offers the chance to make a real impact on society and the environment. So why not explore this exciting career path today?

Learning about the chemistry of onions may not seem like the most exciting academic topic, but it can help you understand how things work in the world around you. When you chop an onion, you're changing its chemistry and releasing a gas that causes your eyes to water. You can slow down the onion's enzymes by storing it in the fridge or boiling it briefly, or you can wear goggles or sunglasses while cutting it. Scientists are even working on creating tear-free onions through genetic modification and traditional plant breeding. Learning about the chemistry of onions can help you appreciate the complexities of the natural world and give you practical skills for your everyday life.

Wildfires can have a lasting impact on the ozone layer, a new MIT study shows. Smoke particles from the Australian "Black Summer" megafire triggered a chemical reaction that depleted ozone by 3-5% at mid-latitudes in the southern hemisphere, with effects reaching as far as Antarctica. The study highlights the need to consider the impact of wildfires on ozone recovery efforts and suggests that as long as ozone-depleting chemicals persist in the atmosphere, large fires could spark a reaction that temporarily depletes ozone.

Discover the scientist who uncovered the savory fifth taste, umami, and how it's related to the infamous MSG. Learn how umami has become a buzzword in the culinary world, inspiring chefs to create meaty flavors in meatless dishes.

As a society, we rely heavily on oil, but this addiction has led to environmental disasters like oil spills. However, nature has a way of cleaning up after us. Microbes, tiny bacteria that evolved to take advantage of oil and gas seeping from the sea floor, have been eating up oil spills for eons. In fact, a big bloom of microbes ate most of the 4.1 million barrels of oil spilt by BP's Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico. These microbes are not only oil-eaters, but they also eat plastics, making them a potential solution to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Scientists are working on enhancing microbes' ability to eat oil and plastic, which could help us clean up our messes faster. Learning about these microbes and how they can benefit us is not only intellectually stimulating, but it also has practical implications for our planet's health.

Have you ever wondered how we know how old something is? For trees, we count the rings, and for people, we ask for their birth certificate. But what about fossils? Well, fossils have their own internal clock, and scientists can read it by looking at the ratio of two different types of carbon atoms. Carbon dating works for fossils up to about 60,000 years old, and by measuring the ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12, we can determine how many thousands of years have passed since the animal died. Learning about carbon dating and other scientific methods can help us better understand the world around us and our place in it. So, why not explore this fascinating topic further and discover the secrets that fossils can reveal?

Are you a plant lover who also cares about the environment? Then you'll definitely want to read this article from Smithsonian Magazine about Neoplants, a Parisian start-up that is creating genetically modified plants that filter harmful chemicals out of the air. Their first product, the Neo P1, is a bioengineered version of the popular pothos houseplant that can capture and recycle dangerous air pollutants commonly found in homes. But can these plants really make a difference? Read on to find out.