China, historically a tea-drinking nation, is now the fourth-largest market for ready-to-drink coffee. With convenience being the driving factor, instant coffee has seen a seven to ten percent annual expansion in the past decade. Discover the origins and evolution of instant coffee, from the first powdered drink in 1771 to the rise of Nestle's Nescafe and Starbucks' VIA. Learn about the key players and innovations that have paved the way for the mainstreaming of coffee connoisseurship.

Explore the global spice trade and its evolution from the 16th century to present-day. Discover interesting facts such as the Dutch's penalty for stealing spices and McCormick's game-changing strategy. Learn about the health benefits of spices and how they've been used throughout history.

Discover the groundbreaking women who transformed the Champagne industry and defied societal norms in the 19th century, using their ingenuity and marketing skills to create empires and change the way Champagne is made and marketed. From Barbe-Nicole Clicquot-Ponsardin to Louise Pommery and Lily Bollinger, explore the fascinating history of the Champagne widows and their impact on the world's Champagne market.

Have you ever wondered about the history of your favorite fast food? Fish and chips have been a staple in the UK for over 150 years, with 80% of the population visiting a fish and chip shop at least once a year. This combination of fried fish and chips has a fascinating history, from the separate origins of fried fish and chips to their combination in the streets of London. The popularity of fish and chips only grew with the help of trawl fishing and the railway boom of the 1870s, leading to the opening of thousands of fish and chip shops across the UK. Learning about the history of this beloved dish not only satisfies your curiosity but also teaches you about the cultural and economic factors that contributed to its success. So, next time you enjoy a crispy and fluffy fish and chips, remember the fascinating history behind it.

Sneakers are more than just a fashion statement - they're a global phenomenon. From tech billionaires to babies, they're on everyone's feet. But how did a simple piece of rubber, leather, and canvas become such big business? The story of sneakers is about innovation, marketing, and the power of celebrity endorsements. Brands like Adidas and Nike capitalized on the idea that if someone famous wears your shoes, people will buy them. Jesse Owens, a black athlete, wearing Dassler shoes during the 1936 Olympics was a game-changer. Sneaker companies like Nike also found success with basketball legend Michael Jordan and hip-hop group Run-DMC. But what does our love for sneakers mean for the world? Environmentally, they're a disaster, with a single shoe containing 65 different parts and hundreds of processing steps. However, some companies are experimenting with recycled materials and sustainable production methods. As a student, learning about the history and impact of sneakers can inspire you to think about innovation, marketing, and sustainability in your own pursuits.

The Suez Canal, one of the world's most important waterways, has a rich history dating back to the second millennium BCE. The canal was built to bypass the unforgiving desert and connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. Despite political strife, shifting sands, and thousands of deaths from disease and harsh labor conditions, the canal was finally completed in 1869. It facilitated global trade, transformed local ecosystems, and helped redeem the canal's imperialist legacy. Today, nearly 30% of all global ship traffic passes through the Suez Canal, making it a vital source of Egypt's national revenue. Learning about the history and significance of the Suez Canal can expand your knowledge of global trade, engineering, and the impact of human activity on the environment.

The Great Depression was a significant global economic crisis that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, leading to severe consequences for people worldwide. From the US stock market collapse to failed banks, bankruptcy, and the rise of Hitler's Nazi Party, this period marked a significant turning point in world history. Learning about this critical historical event can provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the economic concepts that govern our lives today. Through exploring the Great Depression, you can develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and a sense of how economic policies shape our world. By understanding the past, we can learn to make better decisions in the future.

Have you ever dreamed of starting your own company, bringing an innovative idea to life and changing the world? If so, a career as a Start-up Founder might be perfect for you! As a Start-up Founder, you will be responsible for creating and developing a new business from scratch. This means you'll need to be a creative thinker, a problem solver, a risk-taker and a visionary all rolled into one. You'll need to identify a gap in the market, come up with a unique solution, and then build a team to help you turn your vision into a reality. One of the most appealing aspects of being a Start-up Founder is the potential to make a real difference in the world. Just think of companies like Airbnb, Uber and Facebook, which have revolutionized the way we travel, commute and connect with each other. By starting your own company, you could have the opportunity to create something truly groundbreaking and change people's lives for the better. Typical duties of a Start-up Founder include everything from developing a business plan and securing funding to hiring employees and managing day-to-day operations. Depending on the nature of your business, you may also need to specialize in areas such as marketing, sales, product development or technology. To become a Start-up Founder, there is no one-size-fits-all education or training path. However, many successful founders have a background in business, engineering, computer science or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include Business Administration, Entrepreneurship, Computer Science, and Engineering. Helpful personal attributes for a Start-up Founder include creativity, perseverance, adaptability, and the ability to take calculated risks. You'll also need to be a strong communicator and team player, as you'll be working closely with a variety of people, from investors to employees to customers. Job prospects for Start-up Founders are highly variable, as the success of your business will depend on a wide range of factors. However, there are many exciting and notable potential employers from both the public and private sectors around the world. For example, in the United States, you might consider working with venture capital firms like Sequoia Capital or Andreessen Horowitz, or with accelerators like Y Combinator or Techstars. In Europe, you might look to organizations like Startupbootcamp or Seedcamp. And in Asia, you might explore opportunities with firms like 500 Startups or SoftBank. In the longer term, the outlook for Start-up Founders is bright, as the demand for innovative products and services continues to grow. Whether you're interested in developing a new app, launching a sustainable fashion line or creating a social enterprise, there are endless opportunities for entrepreneurial-minded individuals to make their mark on the world as a Start-up Founder.

Have you ever wondered why finance is often seen as deceitful and infamous? Harvard Business School professor Mihir Desai explores this question in his book, "The Wisdom of Finance." Desai uses literature, film, history, and philosophy to explain the inner workings of finance in a way that has never been seen before. This book offers a refreshing and unique perspective on one of the world's most complex and misunderstood professions. You'll be surprised to learn how principles of finance can provide answers to critical questions in our lives, from the lessons of mergers applying to marriages to bankruptcy teaching us how to react to failure. Recommended for students of finance, economics, business, and humanities, "The Wisdom of Finance" offers a new perspective on the principles of finance. This book is also relevant to those interested in risk management, fiduciary responsibility, and the true value of relationships. The mix of finance and humanities leads to unusual pairings, such as Jane Austen and Anthony Trollope being guides to risk management and Jeff Koons becoming an advocate of leverage. Mihir Desai's exploration of finance through literature, film, history, and philosophy will inspire readers to see finance in a new light and understand the core humanity of this profession.

The development and spread of railroads across the United States brought about many changes to American life, including the establishment of standard time. Before the railroads, each town kept its own local time, which made it difficult to keep a train schedule and prevent accidents. To eliminate confusion, the railroads of the United States and Canada instituted standard time zones on November 18, 1883, allowing the railroad companies to operate more effectively and reduce deadly accidents. The concept of standard time has remained since then, and it has become a matter of law with the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918. Learning about the history of standard time is intellectually stimulating and can help students understand how transportation and communication have evolved over time. Additionally, understanding the importance of standard time is practically beneficial as it is still used today in many aspects of our lives.

The story of London's first subway system is a testament to the power of human innovation and perseverance. Despite facing skepticism and ridicule, the Metropolitan Railway was successfully built using the "cut and cover" technique, which involved digging a trench, constructing a tunnel out of brick archways, and refilling the hole. This simple system proved to be disruptive and required the demolition of buildings above the tunnels, but it ultimately helped to reduce the terrible congestion on the roads, making London a more prosperous city. The success of the Metropolitan Railway also paved the way for the development of new technologies, such as the Greathead Shield, which allowed for the construction of deeper underground tunnels that didn't disturb the surface. Learning about the history of transportation and infrastructure can inspire us to think creatively about solving modern-day problems and can help us appreciate the ingenuity of those who came before us.

Are you a natural problem solver, a creative thinker, and a risk-taker? Do you have a passion for innovation and the drive to make your ideas a reality? If so, then the study of entrepreneurship could be the perfect fit for you! Entrepreneurship is a dynamic and exciting field of study that encompasses all aspects of starting, managing, and growing a successful business. From identifying market opportunities to developing innovative products and services, entrepreneurship is all about creating value and making a positive impact on the world. At the forefront of entrepreneurship research and innovation, you'll find some of the most inspiring academic figures like Steve Blank, Eric Ries, and Clayton Christensen. Their specific contributions have revolutionized the way we think about entrepreneurship and have inspired countless successful startups around the world. As an undergraduate student, you'll have the opportunity to explore a wide range of majors and modules, including business planning, marketing, finance, and operations management. You'll also have the chance to specialize in areas such as social entrepreneurship, technology entrepreneurship, and sustainable entrepreneurship, to name just a few. With a degree in entrepreneurship, you'll be well-equipped to pursue a variety of exciting career paths. Whether you're interested in starting your own business, working for a startup, or joining a larger corporation, the skills and knowledge you'll gain in this field will be directly applicable to a wide range of industries, including finance, healthcare, education, and technology. Some of the most notable and attractive potential employers in the field of entrepreneurship include companies like Airbnb, Uber, and Tesla, as well as a range of public and private sector organizations around the world. With a degree in entrepreneurship, you'll have the skills and experience necessary to thrive in a variety of roles, including business development, marketing, operations management, and more. To succeed in the field of entrepreneurship, you'll need to be a self-starter with a strong work ethic, excellent communication skills, and a willingness to take risks. You should also have a passion for innovation and a desire to make a positive impact on the world. If you have these qualities and are ready to embark on an exciting and rewarding career path, then the study of entrepreneurship may be just what you're looking for!

Did you know that ketchup, the ubiquitous American condiment, has roots in China and Southeast Asia? And that it's used in surprising ways around the world, including in ketchup cake? The current trade war has even put ketchup in the spotlight, revealing how countries use symbolic products to retaliate. Learn about the history and global impact of ketchup, and discover how cultural stereotypes are exposed during trade wars.

Can we meet the challenge of feeding a growing population while preserving the environment? A new report shows that we can, but it won't be easy. Learn about the risks and opportunities for business in this new era of high and volatile prices.

Sustainability is a crucial issue in our modern world, and entrepreneurs and businesses can play a significant role in promoting and implementing sustainable practices. With the help of innovative ideas and technologies, these organizations are leading the way towards a greener future. Did you know that by 2050, it is estimated that the global population will reach 9.7 billion, with 66% of the population living in urban areas? This means that our cities will face enormous environmental, social and economic challenges, making sustainability more critical than ever. Leading academic in the field, Dr. Jane Goodall, states that "Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned and the last fish has been caught will we realize we cannot eat money." This highlights the crucial importance of sustainable practices in all areas of our lives, including business. One example of a sustainable business is Patagonia, a clothing company known for its commitment to environmental and social responsibility. Not only do they use sustainable materials in their products, but they also donate 1% of their sales to environmental causes and support grassroots activism. In addition to businesses, there are also sustainable innovations being developed by entrepreneurs. One such example is Solar Impulse, a solar-powered plane that completed a round-the-world flight in 2016, demonstrating the potential of renewable energy. A key concept related to sustainability is the principle of the triple bottom line, which refers to a business's social, environmental and financial responsibilities. The goal is to balance these three aspects and create a sustainable future for all. Sustainability is ultimately a shared challenge that requires the collaboration of businesses, entrepreneurs and individuals. With innovative ideas and sustainable practices, we can create a greener future for generations to come.

Discover how a bankrupt Venetian merchant's risky trade for pepper led to a gateway of riches, and how spices became the marquee good of medieval high society.

Coffee is a daily ritual for millions, but did you know that it can also serve as a model for sustainability? Enter the circular economy, a concept that has been gaining traction in recent years as a solution to the linear "take-make-dispose" approach to resource use. In a circular economy, resources are kept in use for as long as possible, creating a closed-loop system that minimizes waste and maximizes value. So, how does this apply to coffee? Let's start with the production process. Coffee is grown in over 60 countries, mostly in the Global South, and is often farmed in ways that are harmful to the environment and the people who cultivate it. However, some coffee companies are embracing the circular economy by adopting regenerative agriculture practices, which involve building soil health, conserving water, and promoting biodiversity. This approach not only benefits the planet but also improves the quality of the coffee itself. But the circular economy goes beyond just sustainable farming practices. Coffee waste, such as used grounds and pulp, can be repurposed into many things from fertilizer to furniture. And when it comes to packaging, some companies are experimenting with innovative solutions, such as reusable cups and biodegradable materials. Academic experts are at the forefront of this movement, with scholars like Walter Stahel and Ellen MacArthur advocating for a more circular approach to resource usage. Stahel, a Swiss economist, is widely credited with coining the term "circular economy" and has written extensively on the topic. MacArthur, a former professional sailor, founded the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, a non-profit dedicated to accelerating the transition to a circular economy. Remember, the circular economy is not just about coffee - it's a framework that can be applied to any industry or resource. By exploring this topic, you'll gain a deeper understanding of how we can create a more sustainable and equitable world.

Sugar: A Bittersweet History is a fascinating exploration of a commodity that has shaped human history in ways we rarely consider. From its role in fueling the Industrial Revolution to its connection to modern-day fast food, this book offers a perceptive and provocative investigation of a substance that most of us consume every day. Impressively researched and commandingly written, this engaging book will leave you with a new understanding of the impact of sugar on our world. Recommended for anyone interested in the intersections of food, history, and society, Sugar: A Bittersweet History is a must-read. This book will be particularly relevant to students of history, sociology, and economics, as well as those interested in the politics of food and agriculture. It also has important implications for those concerned with issues of social justice, as it explores the brutal history of sugar production and its connection to slavery. For anyone looking to deepen their understanding of the world around them, Sugar: A Bittersweet History is an essential addition to your reading list.

The story of Joseph B. Friedman and his invention of the bendy straw is a testament to the power of creativity and problem-solving. By modifying a simple straw, he revolutionized the way we drink and brought joy to countless children. As high school students, you too can tap into your creativity and use it to explore academic topics in new and exciting ways. By reading, reflecting, and writing about the ideas that interest you, you can develop the critical thinking and communication skills that are essential for success in college and beyond. So don't be afraid to take risks and try new things - who knows, you might just come up with the next great invention!

Academic exploration can come from unexpected places, like the story of John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Despite his flaws, Montagu's moment of vision led to the creation of the sandwich, a food now consumed by millions every day. This story highlights the importance of creativity and innovation in academic pursuits. By exploring new ideas and perspectives, students can make important discoveries and contributions to their fields. Additionally, the practical benefits of academic exploration are clear - the ability to think critically and problem-solve are valuable skills in any profession. So, take inspiration from the sandwich and don't be afraid to think outside the box in your academic pursuits.