Giving your time can strengthen your moral identity and benefit society more than just donating money, according to a new study from the University of Cambridge. Learn how 'moral cues' can activate moral identity and overcome 'time aversion' in charitable giving, and discover how you can make a difference by exploring this fascinating research.

Are you fascinated by the inner workings of organizations? Do you have a passion for understanding human behavior in the workplace? If so, a career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology may be the perfect fit for you! Industrial-Organizational Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior in organizations. It involves applying psychological principles and research methods to improve the performance, well-being, and satisfaction of employees and organizations as a whole. This field is all about making work a better place for everyone involved. One of the most interesting aspects of this field is the variety of roles and specializations available. As an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, you could work in areas such as talent management, employee training and development, organizational development, and leadership coaching. You could also work in related fields such as human resources, management consulting, and market research. To become an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, you typically need a master's or doctoral degree in psychology or a related field. Popular undergraduate programs and majors include psychology, business, and human resources. Helpful personal attributes include strong analytical skills, excellent communication skills, and a passion for helping people and organizations thrive. Job prospects for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists are excellent, with a projected growth rate of 13% over the next decade. There are a wide variety of potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including government agencies, consulting firms, and large multinational corporations. Notable employers include Google, Amazon, and the United Nations. In summary, Industrial-Organizational Psychology is a fascinating and rewarding field with a wide variety of roles and specializations. If you have a passion for understanding human behavior in the workplace and a desire to make work a better place for everyone, this may be the perfect career for you!

In "Happiness," economist Richard Layard delves into the paradox of our society's pursuit of wealth and happiness. Despite significant increases in income, we have not become happier. Layard draws on research from psychology, sociology, and economics to identify the key conditions that generate happiness. This book offers a road map for a happier life, grounded in hard research that will surprise you. Recommended for anyone interested in the intersection of economics, psychology, and sociology, "Happiness" offers valuable insights into the causes of happiness and how we can effect it. Layard's research and analysis provide a new perspective on the paradox of our society's pursuit of wealth and happiness. This book will be of particular interest to students of economics, psychology, and sociology, as well as professionals in fields such as public policy, social work, and counseling. Anyone looking to improve their own well-being will find valuable guidance in "Happiness."

Are you curious about the inner workings of businesses and organizations? Do you have a passion for psychology and human behavior? If so, then studying Industrial-Organizational Psychology at the undergraduate level might be the perfect fit for you! Industrial-Organizational Psychology, or I-O Psychology for short, is the study of human behavior in the workplace. It focuses on improving productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness. This field of study combines the principles of psychology and business to create a unique and valuable skill set. One of the most interesting aspects of I-O Psychology is the research and innovation that takes place in this field. For example, researchers have found that employees who have a sense of purpose in their work are more productive and engaged. Additionally, innovations in technology have allowed companies to use data-driven approaches to make better hiring and promotion decisions. Some well-known academic figures in this field include Adam Grant, who is known for his research on motivation and job satisfaction, and Amy Wrzesniewski, who has studied the impact of job crafting on employee well-being. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules include courses on organizational behavior, human resource management, and research methods. Students can also specialize in areas such as talent management, leadership, and diversity and inclusion. For example, a student specializing in talent management might learn how to identify and develop high-potential employees. The skills and knowledge gained through studying I-O Psychology can lead to a variety of potential future jobs and roles. Graduates may work as human resource managers, organizational development consultants, or talent acquisition specialists. Some popular industries for I-O Psychology graduates include healthcare, finance, and technology. Notable potential employers include Google, Amazon, and the United Nations. To succeed in this field of study, it is helpful to have strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as an interest in human behavior and organizational dynamics. Additionally, effective communication and collaboration skills are essential for working with teams and clients. Overall, studying Industrial-Organizational Psychology at the undergraduate level can lead to a rewarding career that combines psychology and business to improve productivity and employee satisfaction.

Did you know that what you wear can say a lot about your attitudes and values? In fact, the clothes we choose to wear are often an expression of our identity and can communicate important messages to others. This is the essence of Katz's Function of Attitudes, a theory in social psychology that examines the ways in which attitudes serve different functions, including value-expressive attitudes. Value-expressive attitudes are those that reflect our identity and values and are often expressed through the things we wear, such as clothing, jewelry, and accessories. For example, someone who is passionate about environmentalism may wear sustainable and ethically produced clothing to express their values. Similarly, someone who values professionalism may dress in business attire to communicate their dedication to their career. One interesting fact is that the fashion industry is a multi-billion dollar industry that is driven by the desire for self-expression and identity. According to a report by Statista, the global apparel market is expected to be worth $1.5 trillion by 2020. This shows that people are willing to invest in their identity and values through what they wear. The concept of Katz's Function of Attitudes was first introduced by Daniel Katz, a renowned social psychologist who was also known for his work on organizational psychology. In his research, Katz highlighted the importance of understanding the different functions that attitudes serve, including value-expressive attitudes. Other leading academics in this field include Leon Festinger, who is best known for his work on cognitive dissonance, and Elliot Aronson, who has contributed significantly to the field of social influence and persuasion. In conclusion, our clothing choices can reveal a great deal about our values, beliefs, and attitudes. Through the concept of Katz's Function of Attitudes and the research of leading academics in the field of social psychology, we can gain a deeper understanding of how our clothing choices express our identity and communicate important messages to others. So go ahead, express yourself through your clothing choices, and continue to explore the fascinating world of social psychology and fashion.

Customers feel better when decisions are made in their favor by a person rather than an algorithm. But why is this the case? A new paper by Wharton marketing professor Stefano Puntoni and colleagues explores the psychological reasons behind customer's positive and negative reactions to decisions made by humans vs algorithms.

Shopping can be an overwhelming experience, with countless options, products, and stimuli vying for our attention. With the rise of sensory marketing, retailers are leveraging our senses to make their products more appealing and influence our buying decisions. Sensory marketing is the strategic use of sensory stimuli - such as sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touch - to create a memorable and immersive shopping experience. In fact, studies have shown that sensory marketing can significantly impact consumer behavior, leading to increased spending, impulse buying, and brand loyalty. One example of this is how some grocery stores use the scent of freshly baked bread or brewing coffee to make their customers feel more at home and relaxed. Similarly, luxury brands may use plush carpets or velvet curtains to create a feeling of exclusivity and opulence. According to a study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, sensory marketing can also increase the perceived value of a product. But sensory marketing isn't just about creating a pleasant environment - it can also be used to highlight certain products or influence consumer behavior. For example, retailers may use bright colors or flashing lights to draw attention to a specific display or product. Leading academics in the field of sensory marketing include Aradhna Krishna, a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, and Martin Lindstrom, a marketing expert and author of the book "Brand Sense." By exploring sensory marketing and its impact on consumer behavior, students can gain a deeper understanding of the complex and fascinating world of retail marketing.

Have you ever been lured into purchasing a product because of a big discount, only to find out that the item was actually overpriced to begin with? This is a common tactic used by companies to manipulate consumer behavior and increase their profits. The concept of consumer product discounting has been studied by leading academics such as Marketing Professor Pradeep K. Chintagunta of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, who has written extensively on the topic. He explains that companies use discounts to create an illusion of savings and manipulate consumer perception of value. Studies have shown that discounts have a psychological impact on consumers, making them more likely to purchase products that they may not have otherwise considered. In fact, a report by Forbes found that discounts are the most effective marketing tool for increasing sales. However, this can come at the expense of the consumer, who may not be getting the best value for their money. For example, companies may use "dynamic pricing" to adjust the price of a product based on demand. This means that prices may be inflated during peak times, and then discounted to create the illusion of a good deal. This can be seen in the travel industry, where prices for flights and hotels can change multiple times a day. Another tactic companies use is "price anchoring", where they display a high original price for a product, or show prices of alternative products, in order to make the product they are trying to sell seem like a better deal. For example, a retailer may list the original price of a shirt as $100, but offer it for a discounted price of $50. Or, a tech company may display the "basic" version of their anti-malware programme at $20/month and "premium" version at $30/month, making the more expensive version seem like a greater deal for an additional $10/month. Consumers may see this as a great deal, even though they may have never considered purchasing the shirt at the full price or the premium version of the anti-malware programme. It's important to be an informed consumer and to do your research before making a purchase. Check the original price of the product and compare it to prices from other retailers to ensure that you're getting the best value for your money.

Information overload is a growing concern in today's world, where technology has made it easier for businesses to access vast amounts of data. However, this has led to the paradox of too much information and too little time, leading to individuals and organizations struggling to make informed decisions. The impact of information overload on decision making has become a major topic of discussion among leading academics, such as Daniel Kahneman and Richard Thaler, who have explored the role of heuristics and biases in decision making. Studies have shown that individuals who have access to more information tend to experience increased anxiety and stress, leading to poor decision making and decision avoidance. Businesses have taken advantage of this by presenting their customers with an overwhelming amount of information to make their decision more difficult, often leading to impulsive purchases. This practice, known as 'nudge theory', was popularized by Thaler and Cass Sunstein, who argued that by presenting individuals with a small change to the environment, they can be influenced to make a different decision. An example of how businesses use information overload to their advantage is the use of advertisements on social media. Advertisers use algorithms to determine which advertisements to show to each user, often leading to an endless scroll of irrelevant or unwanted advertisements. This leads to individuals feeling overwhelmed and bombarded, often leading to impulsive purchases, simply to make the advertisements stop. To prevent falling victim to information overload and poor decision making, it is important to practice critical thinking and to seek out reliable sources of information. This can be done by asking questions, seeking out multiple perspectives, and by taking the time to reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings. In conclusion, by understanding how businesses use information overload to their advantage, we can make more informed decisions and take control of our own lives.

Charitable donations are a common practice in today's society, but have you ever wondered why we give and how we choose who and how much to give to? The science behind charitable donations is a fascinating and complex topic that encompasses aspects of psychology, sociology, and economics. Let's dive into the world of giving and explore the reasons why we choose to donate and how we make our decisions. First, it's important to understand that giving is not just about altruism. There are many psychological and social factors that play a role in our decision to donate. For example, the principle of reciprocity states that we are more likely to give when we receive, and social comparison theory suggests that we are influenced by the giving behaviors of others. Research has also shown that giving can increase our happiness and well-being, as it activates the pleasure centers in our brain and enhances our sense of purpose. In terms of how we choose who and how much to give to, a popular theory is the idea of a single narrative — that we are more likely to give when charity advertisements feature a single, identifiable beneficiary. Psychologist Nathalie Nahai believes that the personal connection, or the relatability, of the beneficiary is the key to soliciting more donations. “The public now responds much better if they can follow a concrete and tangible impact in a charity advert," she claims, and thus an advert seems more real and impactful with just one single person. Another important factor to consider is the concept of effective altruism. This idea, championed by leading academics such as William MacAskill, suggests that we should prioritize our giving based on evidence and research, rather than just emotions or personal connections. By focusing on organizations that are highly effective and efficient, we can maximize the impact of our donations and help to alleviate the greatest amount of suffering. In conclusion, the science of giving is a complex and multifaceted topic that can help us better understand why we give and how we make our decisions. Whether it's because of psychological factors, social influence, or a desire to make a positive impact, charitable donations play an important role in our lives and in the world.

In "Priceless," William Poundstone uncovers the psychology behind how prices are determined and how they influence our decision-making. From the pricing strategies of Prada to the hypnotic effect of 99 cents, Poundstone reveals how prices are a collective hallucination that marketers and retailers use to convince consumers to pay more for less. Discover the hidden persuaders behind price tags, menus, ads, and even corporate buyouts in this fascinating exploration of the new psychology of price. Recommended for anyone interested in marketing, economics, psychology, or negotiation, "Priceless" offers valuable insights into the strategies used by retailers and businesspeople to influence our purchasing decisions. This book might be particularly relevant to students of business or marketing, as well as professionals in these fields. However, anyone who has ever wondered why they are willing to pay more for a product simply because it has a higher price tag will find this book illuminating. Additionally, those interested in consumer behavior, decision-making, or the intersection of psychology and economics will find "Priceless" to be a thought-provoking read.

Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world act and live so differently? In "The Culture Code," cultural anthropologist and marketing expert Clotaire Rapaille reveals the secret techniques he has used for decades to help companies like Chrysler, Procter & Gamble, and L'Oréal improve their practices and profitability. Rapaille's groundbreaking notion is that we acquire a silent system of Codes as we grow up within our culture, which invisibly shape how we behave in our personal lives. By decoding two dozen of our most fundamental archetypes, Rapaille gives us "a new set of glasses" to view our actions and motivations, providing unprecedented freedom over our lives. Recommended for anyone interested in understanding the hidden clues to human behavior and the factors that shape our actions and motivations. This book might be particularly relevant to students of anthropology, marketing, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies, as well as professionals in business, advertising, and international relations. It also appeals to anyone curious about cultural differences and the impact of culture on our daily lives. The Culture Code provides a fascinating look at how our cultural background shapes our behavior and offers practical insights into how we can decode these cultural codes to achieve a better understanding of ourselves and others.

Do you ever wonder why you choose certain products over others? Or why you feel a certain way towards a brand or advertisement? If you find yourself interested in the psychology behind consumer decision-making, then Consumer Behavior might just be the field of study for you! Consumer Behavior is the study of how individuals and groups make decisions about what they buy, use, and dispose of. It incorporates elements of psychology, sociology, and economics to understand the complex factors that influence consumer behavior. One interesting aspect of Consumer Behavior is the concept of brand loyalty. Have you ever noticed that you always buy a certain brand of shampoo or cereal, even though there are other options available? This is because of the emotional connection you have with that brand, which has been carefully cultivated through marketing strategies and brand identity. Academic figures like Philip Kotler and Herbert Simon have made significant contributions to the field of Consumer Behavior. Kotler is known for his work on marketing management and consumer behavior, while Simon received the Nobel Prize in Economics for his research on decision-making in organizations. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Consumer Behavior include marketing, psychology, and consumer research. Further specialization can be pursued in areas such as digital marketing, brand management, and market research. With a degree in Consumer Behavior, there are a variety of potential future jobs and roles that this field of study might be directly helpful for. These include roles in advertising, market research, and public relations. Notable employers in this field include companies like Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, and Google. To succeed in Consumer Behavior, it's helpful to have strong analytical skills, an understanding of human behavior, and an interest in marketing and advertising. If you're fascinated by the psychology behind consumer decision-making, then Consumer Behavior might be the perfect field of study for you!

Have you ever wondered how non-profit organizations are able to fund their programs and make a difference in the world? The answer is fundraising! Fundraising is a dynamic and exciting field that allows you to make a difference while also building your career. As a fundraiser, you will be responsible for securing donations and funding for non-profit organizations, charities, and other causes. You will work with donors, corporations, and foundations to build relationships and secure funding for your organization. One of the most appealing aspects of fundraising is the opportunity to make a real impact. You will have the chance to work on projects that make a difference in people's lives, whether it's raising funds for medical research, supporting education programs, or providing relief to disaster victims. In addition to the satisfaction of making a difference, fundraising also offers a variety of career paths and specializations. You can focus on major gifts, corporate partnerships, grant writing, events, or digital fundraising. You can also work for a wide range of organizations, including non-profits, universities, hospitals, and political campaigns. To become a fundraiser, you typically need a bachelor's degree in a related field such as marketing, communications, or business. Many universities also offer specialized fundraising programs, such as the Fundraising and Volunteer Management program at George Brown College in Toronto. Helpful personal attributes for a career in fundraising include strong communication skills, creativity, and the ability to build relationships. You should also be comfortable with data analysis and have strong organizational skills. Job prospects for fundraisers are strong, with a projected growth rate of 9% over the next decade. There are also many attractive potential employers in both the public and private sectors, including organizations such as UNICEF, the American Cancer Society, and the Red Cross. So, if you're looking for a meaningful and rewarding career that allows you to make a difference in the world, consider a career in fundraising. With the right education, skills, and passion, you can build a successful career while also making a positive impact on the world around you.

Did you know that every day, you're bombarded with thousands of ads and marketing messages? From billboards and TV commercials to social media ads and product placements, it's hard to escape the constant barrage of sales pitches. But have you ever stopped to think about why some of these ads are so effective? Why you feel compelled to buy certain products, even if you don't really need them? The answer lies in your cognitive biases – the mental shortcuts your brain takes to make decisions quickly and efficiently. And marketers know exactly how to exploit these biases to get you to buy, click, or sign up for their products. For example, have you ever noticed that many products are priced at $9.99 or $19.99 instead of rounding up to the nearest dollar? That's because of the "left-digit effect," a cognitive bias that makes us perceive prices as significantly cheaper when the first digit is lower. Or maybe you've fallen victim to the "scarcity effect," which makes us place a higher value on things that are rare or in limited supply. That's why phrases like "limited time only" or "while supplies last" are so effective in driving sales. These are just a few examples of the many ways that marketers use cognitive biases to influence our behaviour. And while it may seem harmless, these tactics can have real-world consequences, ranging from encouraging us to buy things we don't need to larger scale manipulations such as impacting our political beliefs. So what can we do to protect ourselves from these mind games? Awareness is the first step. By understanding the cognitive biases that marketers use, we can start to recognise them in action and make more informed decisions. Some specific academic terms and concepts to explore include decision-making heuristics, anchoring bias, confirmation bias, and framing effects. Leading academics in this field include Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky, Richard Thaler, and Cass Sunstein. By learning more about how our brains work and how marketers try to influence us, we can become more savvy consumers and better decision-makers in all areas of our lives.

Do you want to make a difference in the world and help create positive social change? Social impact investing might be the career for you! This field is all about investing money in organizations that aim to create social and environmental impact alongside financial returns. It’s an exciting and meaningful field with a growing impact on our society and the world we live in. As a social impact investor, you’ll be part of a movement that is transforming traditional finance by investing in ventures that align with social and environmental values. Your work can span a wide range of industries, from renewable energy and affordable housing to health care and education. For example, you could help fund a community health center or a microfinance organization that supports small business owners in developing countries. The potential areas of specialization in social impact investing are diverse and can vary depending on the specific mission of the organization. Some impact investors focus on specific sectors or industries, while others work on global issues like climate change and poverty alleviation. Some even work to create impact investing policies and frameworks, shaping the industry as a whole. Typically, a degree in finance, economics, business or a related field is required for this career. Many universities offer specialized undergraduate programs in impact investing, such as the Sustainable Finance and Impact Investing program at NYU or the Sustainable Business and Social Impact program at the University of Michigan. Additionally, many MBA programs now offer courses in social impact investing. Helpful personal attributes for a career in social impact investing include a passion for social justice, strong analytical skills, and an entrepreneurial spirit. You should also have excellent communication and interpersonal skills, as you’ll be working closely with a wide range of stakeholders, including investors, social entrepreneurs, and nonprofit organizations. Job prospects in social impact investing are very promising, with many public and private sector organizations looking to hire impact investing professionals. Notable employers in this field include Acumen, Bridges Fund Management, Blue Haven Initiative, and Omidyar Network. Additionally, many large financial institutions, such as Goldman Sachs, are developing impact investing divisions.

Money can buy happiness, but only up to a certain point. Research shows that once we have enough to cover our basic needs and a comfortable lifestyle, more money doesn't necessarily bring more happiness. So how much money do you really need to be happy? According to a study by Princeton University, the magic number is around $75,000 a year. Beyond this point, the increase in income doesn't lead to a significant increase in happiness. This is because we tend to adapt to our new income level and start taking it for granted. However, it's not just about the amount of money we make, but also how we spend it. Research by psychologist Elizabeth Dunn shows that spending money on experiences, like travel or concerts, brings more happiness than buying material possessions. This is because experiences create memories and social connections that last longer than the pleasure of owning something. Moreover, Dunn's research also reveals that spending money on others, through acts of kindness or charitable donations, can boost our own happiness. This is because it gives us a sense of purpose and social connectedness. But why do we care so much about money and happiness? One explanation is the concept of hedonic adaptation, which suggests that we have a natural tendency to seek out pleasure and avoid pain, but eventually adapt to our new level of pleasure and crave more. Therefore, our pursuit of happiness through material wealth is a never-ending cycle. Academics such as Richard Easterlin and Daniel Kahneman have made significant contributions to this field of research. Easterlin's Easterlin Paradox suggests that economic growth doesn't necessarily lead to increased happiness, while Kahneman's theory of peak-end rule suggests that our memories of experiences are influenced by the peak moment and the ending.

Have you ever wondered how businesses can make a positive impact on society and the environment while still making a profit? If so, the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) might be the perfect fit for you. CSR is an exciting and meaningful field that focuses on the ethical and social responsibilities of businesses. It involves exploring how companies can act in a socially and environmentally responsible way, while still achieving their financial goals. One inspiring example of CSR in action is Patagonia, a clothing company that is committed to sustainability and ethical practices. They use organic cotton, recycled polyester, and other eco-friendly materials in their products, and they donate 1% of their sales to environmental causes. In the academic world, CSR is a rapidly growing field with a wealth of interesting research and innovation. Scholars are exploring topics such as the impact of CSR on employee engagement, the role of CSR in international development, and the effectiveness of different CSR strategies. Some notable academic figures in the field of CSR include Archie B. Carroll, who developed the CSR pyramid, and John Elkington, who coined the term "triple bottom line" to describe the three dimensions of CSR: social, environmental, and financial. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to study topics such as business ethics, sustainability, and social entrepreneurship. They may also have the opportunity to specialize in areas such as environmental management or social impact assessment. A degree in CSR can lead to a variety of rewarding careers, including sustainability consultant, corporate social responsibility manager, or social entrepreneur. Many large companies, such as Nike and Coca-Cola, have dedicated CSR departments, and there are also a growing number of startups focused on social and environmental impact. If you are interested in studying CSR, it is helpful to have strong critical thinking skills, a passion for social and environmental issues, and an interest in business and economics. With a degree in CSR, you can make a positive impact on the world while also pursuing a fulfilling and financially rewarding career.

Have you ever felt trapped in a decision because of the money or time you've already invested? You're not alone. Many of us have fallen prey to the sunk cost fallacy, where we continue to invest in a failing project or relationship because we don't want to waste what we've already put into it. But why do we do this? What factors influence our decision-making? And what can we do to avoid making poor choices based on sunk costs? According to behavioral economists, the answer lies in our human psychology. We tend to focus on past investments rather than future costs and benefits, leading us to overvalue sunk costs and make irrational decisions. Research by leading academics in this field, such as Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, has shown that our decision-making is also influenced by factors such as loss aversion, social norms, and emotions. For example, a study by Neil Stewart and his team found that participants were more likely to continue playing a rigged gambling game when they had already lost money, rather than cutting their losses and quitting the game. Similarly, studies have shown that people are more likely to invest in failing projects when their peers are also doing so, due to social pressure and the fear of missing out. So, what can we do to avoid making poor decisions based on sunk costs? One solution is to focus on future costs and benefits, rather than past investments. We should also be aware of the factors that influence our decision-making and try to avoid making impulsive or emotional choices. By exploring these ideas and delving deeper into the psychology of sunk costs, students can develop their critical thinking skills and gain a better understanding of the factors that influence their own decision-making.

A study of over a million lonely hearts ads found that personality has become more important than finances when it comes to choosing a partner in western countries. However, finances remain a key factor in India. Explore how partner preferences have changed over time and across cultures.