Biomimicry is a fascinating and innovative concept that is changing the way we approach technology and sustainability. Janine Benyus takes readers on a journey through the natural world, where scientists and inventors are drawing inspiration from nature's most successful ideas to revolutionize our world. From creating materials to healing ourselves, Biomimicry shows how we can learn from the genius of the animal kingdom. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the future of our planet and the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. Recommended for students of biology, engineering, and environmental studies, Biomimicry offers a fresh perspective on how we can learn from nature to solve some of the world's most pressing problems. Professionals in the fields of medicine, architecture, and technology will also find inspiration in the innovative ideas presented in this book. Additionally, anyone interested in sustainability, conservation, and the future of our planet will appreciate the creative solutions and exciting possibilities explored in Biomimicry. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone looking to explore new and innovative approaches to problem-solving.

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, but it has a weakness: it's prone to catastrophic cracking that costs billions of dollars to repair each year. However, scientists have discovered ways to create concrete that can heal itself. By adding hidden glue or bacteria and fungi spores to the concrete mix, cracks can be repaired up to almost 1mm wide. This technique has the potential to make concrete more resilient and long-lasting, which could drastically reduce the financial and environmental cost of concrete production. Learning about the science behind concrete and its potential for self-healing can not only be intellectually stimulating but also practically beneficial for the future of construction. Imagine being part of the solution to creating more sustainable and durable infrastructure for our cities.

Plants are often seen as passive beings, but did you know they can sense and respond to their environment? In fact, plants can even power some of our digital functions through cyber botany. By exploring the integration of sensing and display, we can design new applications that take advantage of the natural abilities of plants. Learning about cyber botany and convergent design can expand your understanding of the natural world and inspire you to think creatively about the intersection of technology and biology. So why not dive in and discover the exciting world of cyber botany today?

Neri Oxman is a groundbreaking designer and architect who has been pushing the boundaries of interdisciplinary design for over a decade. As a leader in the field, she has made significant contributions to our understanding of how design can be used to solve complex problems at the intersection of science, engineering, and art. Interdisciplinary design is a field that seeks to bring together different disciplines in order to tackle complex problems and find innovative solutions. This approach is important because it allows us to take a holistic and integrated approach to design, rather than relying solely on one discipline. For example, Neri Oxman's work often involves collaboration between architects, engineers, materials scientists, and computer scientists to create structures and products that are not only beautiful and functional but also sustainable. One of Neri Oxman's most well-known projects is the Silk Pavilion, a structure made entirely of silkworms. The silkworms spun the silk around a steel frame, creating a structure that was both aesthetically stunning and environmentally friendly. This project highlights the importance of interdisciplinary design, as it involves the integration of biology, engineering, and architecture to create a new type of structure. Another example of Neri Oxman's interdisciplinary approach is her work on the Mediated Matter Group at MIT, where she is a Professor of Media Arts and Sciences. This group brings together researchers from diverse backgrounds to work on projects that explore the intersection of digital design, manufacturing, and the natural world. One of their projects, for example, involves using 3D printing technology to print structures made of natural materials, such as wood and mycelium (the vegetative part of mushrooms). Neri Oxman's contributions to interdisciplinary design have been recognized by leading academics in the field. For example, Walter Berry, Dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Virginia, has said that "Neri Oxman is a visionary who is pushing the boundaries of design in new and exciting ways."

As the world faces increasingly urgent environmental challenges, there is a growing need for sustainable solutions across all industries, including healthcare. Biodegradable implants are one such solution, with the potential to revolutionize the medical field while minimizing its environmental impact. Unlike traditional implants made from non-biodegradable materials, such as metal or plastic, biodegradable implants are designed to break down over time, leaving no harmful residue behind. This means they not only benefit the patient, but also the environment. One area where biodegradable implants are particularly promising is in orthopedic surgery. According to a study published in the Journal of Orthopaedic Research, biodegradable implants made from natural materials such as collagen and silk have shown promise in promoting bone growth and healing. Leading academics in the field include Dr. Jennifer Elisseeff, a professor of biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins University, whose research has focused on developing biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering, and Dr. Lisa E. Freed, a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, who has worked on developing biodegradable implants for orthopedic applications. But the potential of biodegradable implants extends beyond orthopedics. They can also be used in drug delivery, wound healing, and other areas of medicine. In fact, researchers at the University of Cambridge are currently developing biodegradable implants for use in cancer treatment. As promising as biodegradable implants are, they are not without their challenges. For example, they must be designed to break down at just the right rate, neither too quickly nor too slowly, in order to ensure optimal healing. But with continued research and development, biodegradable implants have the potential to transform the medical field for the better.

Discover the secrets behind the remarkable hydrodynamic performance of shark skin and how it's inspiring the design of bioinspired robots and materials!

Did you know that the oldest glue in the world is over 8,000 years old and comes from a cave near the Dead Sea? Ancient people used this glue, made from a mixture of animal bone and plant materials, to waterproof baskets and construct utensils. Today, we have enough types of tape and glue to build and repair almost anything. But have you ever wondered what gives glue and tape their stickiness? Adhesives can be made from synthetic molecules or natural proteins and carbohydrates. In order to work, glue and tape need both adhesive bonds and cohesive bonds. Glue is stronger than tape in terms of absolute strength of adhesive bonds, but no single adhesive works well in all circumstances. Engineers weigh similar factors all the time. Choosing the right glue to withstand the heat inside an engine is a matter of life and death. And though the strength of duct tape's adhesive bonds can't compete with those of epoxy glues, tape does have the advantage of instantaneous stickiness in an emergency. Learning about adhesives can help you understand how things are constructed and repaired, and can even save lives in certain situations.

Can a single cell's physical properties predict how tall a tree can grow? MIT Professor Ming Guo's research in cell mechanics reveals how a cell's physical form can influence the growth of an entire organism, including disease such as cancer. With his interdisciplinary work in physics, mechanical engineering, and cell biology, Guo aims to engineer materials for biomedical applications.

Plastics are everywhere, and most of them never biologically degrade. This is a major problem for our environment, as plastic waste pollutes natural ecosystems for centuries. Fortunately, there are microbes that may be able to help us solve this growing problem. Scientists have discovered bacteria, also known as plastivores, that contain enzymes capable of breaking down PET polymers, a common type of plastic. However, we still need ways to biologically degrade all the other types of plastic, including abundant PEs and PPs. Researchers are looking for more heat-tolerant plastivores in the planet's most hostile environments and engineering better plastivorous enzymes in the lab. As students, you have the opportunity to learn about this important issue and contribute to finding solutions. By exploring the science behind plastic degradation, you can gain a deeper understanding of how to protect our environment and create a more sustainable future.

The search for alien life in the universe is an intriguing quest that has captivated the attention of many. The possibility of life existing in various forms and how it could have developed is a topic that continues to spark curiosity. Scientists have been working on a theory of panspermia, which suggests that life exists throughout the universe and can be transported through space from one location to another. Microorganisms, such as archaea and bacteria, have been able to modify themselves to adapt to a vast range of conditions, making them incredibly adaptable. These extremophiles can survive in the most extreme conditions that Earth has to offer, making them the most oven-ready organisms to survive and potentially colonize the hostile environments of other planets and moons. Learning about these academic concepts not only expands our knowledge of the universe but also allows us to understand the adaptability of life and its possibilities.

As a society, we rely heavily on oil, but this addiction has led to environmental disasters like oil spills. However, nature has a way of cleaning up after us. Microbes, tiny bacteria that evolved to take advantage of oil and gas seeping from the sea floor, have been eating up oil spills for eons. In fact, a big bloom of microbes ate most of the 4.1 million barrels of oil spilt by BP's Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico. These microbes are not only oil-eaters, but they also eat plastics, making them a potential solution to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Scientists are working on enhancing microbes' ability to eat oil and plastic, which could help us clean up our messes faster. Learning about these microbes and how they can benefit us is not only intellectually stimulating, but it also has practical implications for our planet's health.

Did you know that almost everything around you is being eaten by tiny organisms called microbes? These hordes of bacteria, archaea, and fungi have evolved to break down tough organic material into digestible nutrients. However, there is one material that almost no microbes can biodegrade: plastics. This is because most plastics have only been around since the 1950s, so most microbes haven't had time to evolve enzymes to digest them. As a result, plastics just turn into countless, tiny, indigestible pieces that pollute the environment. However, researchers have discovered microbes that may be able to take a bite out of this growing problem, creating super-enzymes that could break down plastics faster. By exploring the science behind microbes and biodegradability, you can learn how to become part of the solution to this global issue. Not only will you expand your knowledge, but you will also contribute to creating a cleaner, healthier planet.

Have you ever been amazed by the intricate designs found in nature, such as spider webs and butterfly wings? These natural wonders have served as a source of inspiration for some of the most groundbreaking inventions in human history. From airplane wings to bullet trains, the principles of nature are all around us, and today we will explore some of these incredible innovations and the amazing natural phenomena that inspired them. For example, the lotus leaf displays a natural phenomenon called the Lotus Effect. After a rain, water droplets just roll right off the leaf. Upon more intensive research, scientists found out that the lotus leaves' self-cleaning properties are a result of ultra hydrophobicity, inspiring many inventions that repel water, such as self-cleaning windows and waterproof clothing. In addition, gecko feet have inspired researchers to develop new adhesives that could revolutionize the way we build things. The principles of biomimicry, where scientists study the natural world to inspire new technology, have been used to design high-speed trains, such as the kingfisher bird's beak inspiring the train's noise-reducing and efficiency-increasing design. Furthermore, researchers studying the abalone shell and other natural materials have found inspiration to create stronger and more durable materials using nanotechnology. Leading academics such as Janine Benyus, author of Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature, and Dr. Joanna Aizenberg, a leading researcher in the field of biomimetics who has studied the Lotus Effect extensively, have contributed to the research and development of these innovations. The natural world is full of wonders waiting to be explored. By studying the principles of nature, we can inspire new innovations that could change the world. So go out there and discover the secrets of nature for yourself!

Soft robotics, an emerging field that combines mechanical engineering, materials science, and biology, has been inspired by nature's most unique creatures. One such creature is the jellyfish, which has a mesmerizing propulsion mechanism that allows it to move through water with ease. The jellyfish's propulsion mechanism involves its bell-shaped body contracting and expanding, which generates a vortex ring that propels it forward. Scientists and engineers have taken inspiration from this mechanism to design soft robotic devices that can mimic the jellyfish's movements. One example of such a device is the "Robojelly", a robot developed by researchers at Virginia Tech. It uses a shape-memory alloy to mimic the jellyfish's bell-shaped body and artificial muscles to replicate its propulsion mechanism. Another example is the "Jellyfishbot", a robot developed by researchers at the National University of Singapore. It uses a 3D-printed soft silicone material to mimic the jellyfish's body and a piezoelectric material to generate the propulsion mechanism. These soft robots have the potential to be used for underwater exploration, monitoring ocean environments, and even search and rescue missions. The development of these robots has been made possible by advancements in materials science, which have allowed for the creation of soft and flexible materials with the necessary mechanical properties, and in control systems, which have allowed for the precise control of the robots' movements. Leading academics in the field include John Dabiri, a centennial professor at Caltech who has studied the fluid dynamics of jellyfish propulsion, and Cecilia Laschi, a professor at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Italy who has developed soft robotic devices inspired by octopuses and jellyfish. In conclusion, soft robotics inspired by jellyfish propulsion mechanisms has opened up new possibilities for underwater exploration and monitoring. By mimicking the natural movements of these creatures, researchers have developed soft robots that can navigate through water with greater efficiency and agility than traditional robots.

Clean water is an essential resource for all life on Earth, and the pursuit of ensuring access to clean water has been a focus of research, policy, and advocacy for decades. In this write-up, we'll explore the history of clean water, the challenges we face, and the progress we've made over time. One of the earliest recorded efforts to ensure clean water was by the ancient Greeks, who built the first aqueducts to transport water to their cities. Fast forward to the present day, and the challenge of ensuring access to clean water remains a pressing issue, with over two billion people lacking access to safe drinking water worldwide. The field of water resources engineering has emerged to address this challenge, with experts working on solutions such as desalination, water treatment, and conservation. One leading academic in this field is Dr. Rita Colwell, who has dedicated her career to researching and preventing waterborne diseases, including cholera. Another key concept in the pursuit of clean water is sustainability, which refers to using resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This requires balancing economic, environmental, and social factors to ensure that our water resources are managed in a way that is equitable and efficient. One leading scholar in this area is Dr. Peter Gleick, who founded the Pacific Institute, a research organization that focuses on water issues. Despite the ongoing challenges, progress has been made in the field of clean water. For example, the percentage of the global population with access to clean drinking water has increased from 76% in 1990 to 91% in 2015. Additionally, advances in technology and infrastructure have allowed for improved water treatment and distribution, as well as the development of new methods of water conservation. Remember, the pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong journey, and there's always more to discover and learn. By exploring academic topics like clean water, you can broaden your understanding of the world, develop critical thinking skills, and make a positive impact on the world around you.

Do you ever wonder what goes into creating your favorite snacks or how your favorite restaurant creates their signature dishes? If you're passionate about food and curious about the science behind it, then studying Food Science at university could be the perfect fit for you! Food Science is a multidisciplinary field that combines chemistry, biology, nutrition, and engineering to study the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food. This field of study is all about understanding how food is processed, preserved, and packaged, as well as how it affects the human body. One of the most exciting aspects of Food Science is the potential for innovation and discovery. Researchers in this field are constantly working on new ways to improve the taste, texture, and nutritional value of food. For example, did you know that Food Scientists have developed plant-based meat alternatives that look, taste, and even "bleed" like real meat? Or that they've created edible packaging made from seaweed that could revolutionize the way we package and transport food? Some of the most influential figures in Food Science include Harold McGee, who wrote the seminal book "On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen," and Hervé This, who is credited with being one of the pioneers of Molecular Gastronomy. At the undergraduate level, typical majors and modules in Food Science include food chemistry, food microbiology, food engineering, and food safety. Students can also specialize in areas such as product development, sensory analysis, and food packaging. But what can you do with a degree in Food Science? The possibilities are endless! Graduates can go on to work in a variety of industries, including food and beverage manufacturing, food safety and regulation, and product development. Some notable employers in this field include Nestle, Kraft Heinz, and PepsiCo. If you're considering studying Food Science, it's important to have a strong foundation in science and math. Additionally, having a passion for food and an interest in sustainability and health can be helpful attributes to succeed in this field. So if you're ready to combine your love of food with your passion for science, then studying Food Science could be the perfect path for you!

Do you have a passion for food and a curious mind? Do you enjoy conducting experiments and discovering new things? Then a career in Food Science might be the perfect fit for you! Food Science is the study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food, and how they affect its quality, safety, and nutritional value. It's a fascinating field that combines elements of biology, chemistry, and engineering to create new and innovative food products that are both delicious and healthy. As a Food Scientist, you could be involved in a variety of exciting projects. For example, you might work on developing new food products that are low in fat, sugar, or salt, or that contain more fiber or protein. Or you might be responsible for ensuring the safety of food products by testing them for harmful bacteria or other contaminants. You could also work in the field of sensory science, where you would use your knowledge of taste, smell, and texture to help create foods that are more enjoyable to eat. The duties of a Food Scientist can vary depending on their area of specialization. Some Food Scientists work in research and development, where they design and test new food products. Others work in quality control, where they ensure that food products meet certain standards of safety and quality. Still others work in regulatory affairs, where they ensure that food products meet government regulations and guidelines. To become a Food Scientist, you'll typically need a Bachelor's degree in Food Science, Nutrition, or a related field. There are many excellent undergraduate programs available, such as the Food Science program at Cornell University or the Nutrition and Food Science program at the University of Alberta. In addition to a strong academic background, there are several personal attributes that can be helpful for a career in Food Science. These include a keen attention to detail, excellent problem-solving skills, and a creative and curious mind. The job prospects for Food Scientists are excellent, with many opportunities available in both the public and private sectors. Some notable employers include the United States Department of Agriculture, Nestle, and PepsiCo. In addition, there is a growing demand for Food Scientists in developing countries, where there is a need for new and innovative food products that can help address issues such as malnutrition and food insecurity. So if you're looking for a career that combines your love of food with your passion for science, consider exploring the exciting field of Food Science!

Calcium carbonate may sound like just another chemical compound, but it’s actually the building block for some of the most exquisite and diverse structures found in the ocean, from pearls to shells to coral. Creatures like mollusks use calcium carbonate to carefully construct their shells, controlling their composition at the molecular level to achieve stunning colors and patterns. Learning about the artful ways in which these creatures use calcium carbonate to create their protective structures not only expands our understanding of the natural world but also teaches us about the importance of adaptation and resilience. By exploring this topic further, you can develop a deeper appreciation for the intricacies of the natural world and the ways in which organisms have evolved to survive and thrive in their environments.

Plastics have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, but few of us know the history behind this versatile material. The first plastic was created in 1863 by an American named John Wesley Hyatt, who invented celluloid, made from cellulose found in wood and straw. This discovery led to a cascade of new plastics, including bakelite, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylics, and nylon. Plastics have replaced other materials like wood, glass, and fabric in furniture, clothing, and packaging. While plastics have brought convenience and cost-effectiveness, they have also created staggering environmental problems. Many plastics are made of nonrenewable resources, and plastic packaging was designed to be single-use, but some plastics take centuries to decompose, creating a huge buildup of waste. By learning about plastics, students can understand how science and innovation have shaped our world, and they can explore ways to address the environmental problems associated with plastic use.

Cotton, a seemingly simple and ubiquitous material, has a complex and fascinating biology that has allowed it to become one of the most versatile materials in the world. The intricate structure of cotton fibers allows them to be both strong and flexible, and their length and density determine the softness and durability of the fabric they produce. Learning about the biology of cotton can inspire students to explore the connections between science and everyday life, and to appreciate the complexity of seemingly simple materials. Understanding the growth of cotton fibers can also lead to practical benefits, such as optimizing growth conditions to produce stronger and more resilient cotton. By exploring the biology of cotton, students can gain a deeper understanding of the world around them and develop skills in critical thinking and problem-solving.