Are you interested in how the brain works? A new study from Cornell University reveals that neurons in the hippocampus, a key area of the brain, have different functions based on their genetic identity. This could lead to a better understanding of the brain's computational flexibility and memory capacity, and inform potential treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's. Check out the full article in the journal Neuron to learn more!

Medical research is a fascinating field of study that explores the complexities of the human body and its many diseases. It's an exciting area of research that is constantly evolving, with new discoveries and innovations being made every day. One of the most appealing aspects of medical research is the potential to make a real difference in people's lives. Researchers in this field are at the forefront of developing new treatments and therapies for a wide range of illnesses, from cancer to Alzheimer's disease. One example of groundbreaking research in this field is the development of immunotherapy, a treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. This innovative approach has already helped to save countless lives and is just one example of the many exciting breakthroughs being made in medical research. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to take a variety of modules that cover topics such as genetics, molecular biology, and epidemiology. These modules provide a solid foundation in the basic principles of medical research and prepare students for further specialisation in areas such as cancer research or infectious diseases. Potential future jobs and roles in medical research include positions as research scientists, clinical trial coordinators, and medical writers. There are also many opportunities to work in public health or in the pharmaceutical industry, with notable employers including the National Institutes of Health, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline. To succeed in this field of study, students should have a strong interest in science and a passion for helping others. They should also possess excellent analytical and critical thinking skills, as well as the ability to work independently and as part of a team. Overall, the study of medical research is an exciting and rewarding field that offers endless possibilities for those who are passionate about making a difference in the world of healthcare.

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking treatment for blood cancer using off-the-shelf T-cells. The CALM clinical trial evaluated the potential of UCART19, an "off-the-shelf" CAR-T cell product, against adult patients with B-ALL. The results were recently published in The Lancet Haematology and Cancer Research Communications, showing that 48% of treated patients achieved complete remission lasting an average of 7.4 months. This new approach offers a more efficient and effective alternative to traditional CAR-T cell therapy, providing hope for patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant blood cancers.

As we grow older, our bodies undergo many changes, including changes in our metabolism. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur in our bodies to maintain life. These processes are essential for providing energy, building and repairing tissues, and eliminating waste products. As we age, our metabolic pathways can become altered, leading to various age-related diseases and conditions. One example of a metabolic pathway that is affected by aging is the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is responsible for producing ATP, the primary source of energy for our cells. As we age, the function of the ETC can become impaired, leading to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in oxidative stress. This can contribute to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Another example is the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, which regulates cellular growth and metabolism. Studies have shown that inhibiting the mTOR pathway can increase lifespan in various model organisms, including mice. This has led to increased interest in developing drugs that target this pathway as a potential anti-aging strategy. One of the leading academics in this field is Dr. David Sinclair, a Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sinclair's research has focused on the role of metabolism in aging and age-related diseases, and he has made significant contributions to the field. For example, his research has shown that supplementing with NAD+, a molecule involved in energy metabolism, can improve various aspects of aging in mice. Another leading academic in this field is Dr. Valter Longo, a Professor of Gerontology and Biological Science at the University of Southern California. Dr. Longo's research has focused on the role of fasting and caloric restriction in aging and age-related diseases. His work has shown that periodic fasting can have a range of health benefits, including improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. In conclusion, the study of metabolic pathways in aging is a fascinating and rapidly growing field. By understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and aging, we can better understand the underlying causes of age-related diseases and conditions. Students who are interested in this topic can continue to explore it through reading and research, or by pursuing their own experiments and projects. With the right tools and resources, they can make meaningful contributions to this exciting field and help improve our understanding of aging and metabolic pathways.

UCLA scientists have identified how immune cells detect and respond to cancer cells, leading to better personalized immunotherapies for patients who do not respond to treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors improve T cells' ability to recognize and attack cancer cells, and the study showed that when immunotherapy is effective, it directs a diverse repertoire of T cells against a small group of selected mutations in a tumor. The researchers adapted advanced gene-editing technology to make unprecedented observations about immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 "checkpoint inhibitor" immunotherapy.

Childhood cancer is a devastating disease that affects thousands of children every year. However, as cancer is more likely to occur in adults rather than children, research on childhood cancer is often underfunded, leading to fewer treatment options and lower survival rates. One of the biggest challenges in treating childhood cancer is the risk of long-term side effects from chemotherapy and radiation. These treatments can cause developmental delays, learning disabilities, and even secondary cancers later in life. As a result, new treatment strategies are being developed to minimize these risks. One of the most promising new approaches is immunotherapy, a type of treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to attack cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy, in which T-cells are genetically engineered to recognize and attack cancer cells, has shown particularly promising results in clinical trials. Another challenge in treating childhood cancer is the lack of targeted therapies. Unlike adult cancers, childhood cancers often have no known driver mutations that can be targeted with precision medicine. Researchers are working to identify new drug targets and develop new treatments that can attack cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Dr. Kimberly Stegmaier, an oncologist and researcher at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, is one of the leading experts in childhood cancer research. She and her team are working to identify new drug targets and develop targeted therapies for childhood cancers. They are also studying the genetic and molecular characteristics of childhood cancers to better understand how they develop and how they can be treated. In conclusion, childhood cancer presents unique challenges that require innovative solutions. While underfunded research and the lack of targeted therapies have made progress difficult, recent developments in immunotherapy, such as CAR T-cell therapy, show promising results. As we continue to fight for a cure, let us also remember the children and families affected by this disease and strive to support them in any way we can.

A groundbreaking study by the University of Oxford as part of the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project has defined five new subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and linked these to clinical outcomes, paving the way for more personalized patient care. This is the first study to analyze all the relevant changes in DNA across the entire cancer genome!

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has been the focus of countless scientific studies and research projects. In the field of biochemistry, scientists have made tremendous progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer and developing new treatments to fight it. One of the most exciting breakthroughs in the field of cancer research has been the discovery of targeted therapies. These treatments are designed to specifically target the genetic mutations that cause cancer, rather than simply killing all rapidly dividing cells, which can lead to side effects. For example, imatinib (brand name Gleevec) is a targeted therapy that was developed to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and has been incredibly successful in treating this form of cancer. Another area of biochemistry that is making a big impact in the fight against cancer is the study of cancer metabolism. Researchers have found that cancer cells have a unique metabolism that allows them to rapidly divide and grow. By targeting this unique metabolism, scientists are developing new treatments that can specifically target cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unharmed. One of the leading scientists in the field of cancer metabolism is Dr. Lewis Cantley, a Professor of Cancer Biology at Weill Cornell Medicine. He has made numerous contributions to the field, including the discovery of the PI3K pathway, which is a key player in cancer cell metabolism. By targeting this pathway, scientists are developing new treatments that can effectively fight cancer. So, whether you're a student who is just starting to learn about biochemistry and cancer research, or you're an experienced researcher looking to make an impact in this field, there are countless exciting opportunities to get involved and make a difference. The battle against cancer is a journey through biochemistry that is waiting for you to join!

A groundbreaking study from Weill Cornell Medicine has identified four distinct subtypes of autism based on brain activity and behavior. Machine learning was used to analyze neuroimaging data from 299 people with autism and 907 neurotypical individuals, revealing patterns of brain connections linked to behavioral traits. The study shows promise for personalized therapies and new approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Revolutionize cancer treatment with a new approach - turning cancer cells into cancer-killing vaccines! Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard-affiliate are developing a cell therapy that eliminates tumours and trains the immune system to prevent future cancer outbreaks.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is a master of disguise. It can change its outer coat of proteins frequently, making it hard for the immune system to recognise and destroy it. HIV targets Helper T cells, which act as the air traffic controllers of the immune system, coordinating the efforts of other immune cells. If Helper T cells disappear, the whole immune system would have trouble fighting not just HIV but many other illnesses as well. Boosting the immune system against HIV requires getting the Helper T cells back in control. Learning about the immune system and how it works can help you understand how HIV affects the body and how to boost your immune system against it. By exploring this topic through reading, reflection, writing and self-directed projects, you can gain a deeper understanding of the immune system and how to protect yourself from harmful intruders like viruses and bacteria.

Unlock the secrets of Alzheimer's disease with single-cell profiling! MIT scientists have made rapid progress in understanding Alzheimer's disease by using single-cell profiling technologies. By analyzing genetic activity in individual cells, they have identified five main areas of cellular function, or "pathways," that are disrupted in the disease. These findings hold strong potential for explaining the disease and developing meaningful therapies.

Get ready to revolutionize the way we treat cancer and age-related diseases! A new company, GlioQuell, co-founded by Dr. Kambiz Alavian from the Department of Brain Sciences, is developing a cutting-edge approach to target the powerhouses of cancer cells - the mitochondria. By reducing the efficiency of these structures, GlioQuell aims to turn off the cancer cells' energy supply and treat one of the most aggressive forms of cancer - glioblastoma.

Cancer is a mysterious and creepy thing, and understanding it is crucial to fighting it. Cancer cells are unstable and selfish, only working for their own short-term benefit. They trick the body into building new blood vessels to feed them, but this can also become their undoing as they continue to mutate. Large animals seem to be immune to cancer, which scientists explain through two main ways: evolution and hypertumors. Evolution means that large animals invest in better cancer defenses, while hypertumors are the tumors of tumors. The solution to the paradox may actually be something different, but researchers still aren't sure what it is. Learning about the nature of cancer cells and cancer defenses can help you understand this complex and important topic.

Severe stress triggers biological age to increase, but it can be reversed. Surgery, pregnancy, and COVID-19 are studied in humans and mice. Researchers found that biological age increased in situations of severe physiological stress but was restored when the stressful situation resolved. This study challenges the concept that biological age can only increase over a person’s lifetime and suggests that it may be possible to identify interventions that could slow or even partially reverse biological age.

Did you know that selecting the embryo with the lowest risk for a given disease can cut the risk for that disease by almost half? This is particularly true for disorders such as schizophrenia and Crohn’s disease. However, the selection process may not lead to significant improvements in non-disease traits such as intelligence. Moreover, the use of preimplantation genetic screening (PES) raises concerns about psychological well-being, social values, and ethics. Learn more about the potential benefits and risks of PES, and how it may impact our society and individuality.

Are you fascinated by the human body and its inner workings? Do you have a passion for helping others and making a meaningful impact on people's lives? Then a career in Medicine might be just what you're looking for! Medicine is a field of study that encompasses everything from the smallest cells to the largest organ systems, with a focus on understanding and treating diseases and injuries. It's a challenging and rewarding career that requires a lot of hard work and dedication, but the potential rewards are enormous. Some of the most exciting developments in Medicine today are in the areas of genomics, personalized medicine, and regenerative medicine. Researchers are exploring new ways to use genetics to diagnose and treat diseases, while also developing new treatments that can regenerate damaged tissues and organs. One of the many inspiring figures in Medicine is Dr. Paul Farmer, who has dedicated his life to providing healthcare to some of the world's poorest communities. He founded Partners in Health, an organization that has helped to bring lifesaving medical care to millions of people around the world. At the undergraduate level, students typically study a range of subjects including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. They also gain practical experience through clinical rotations and internships. Some students may choose to specialize in areas such as surgery, pediatrics, or oncology. There are many potential career paths for those who study Medicine, including roles as physicians, surgeons, researchers, and healthcare administrators. Some of the most notable employers in this field include the World Health Organization, Doctors Without Borders, and the Mayo Clinic. To succeed in Medicine, it's important to have a strong foundation in science and math, as well as excellent communication and problem-solving skills. A genuine passion for helping others and a commitment to lifelong learning are also essential. If you're ready to embark on an exciting and rewarding career in Medicine, there's no better time to start exploring your options!

Cancer is a mysterious and deadly disease that claims the lives of 1500 Americans every day. But why is it so common, and why does treatment often fail? In "Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy", leading researcher Mel Greaves offers clear and convincing answers to these questions by looking at cancer through a Darwinian lens. Greaves argues that human development has trapped us in a nature-nurture mismatch, causing cancer to thrive. With compelling examples from history and modern research, this fascinating book sheds light on the evolutionary context of cancer and its implications for prevention and treatment. Recommended for biology students, medical professionals, and anyone interested in the evolutionary origins of disease, "Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy" offers a fresh perspective on this complex and elusive disease. With its lucid and engaging style, this book is accessible to readers of all backgrounds and provides a comprehensive overview of cancer research and treatment. Additionally, those interested in the history of medicine and public health will find the compelling examples from history, including the epidemic of scrotal skin cancer in 18th-century chimney sweeps, to be particularly interesting.

Genome-edited CAR T-cells treated a young patient's incurable T-cell leukaemia, leading to complete remission after just 28 days. Designed and developed by researchers at UCL and GOSH, the treatment represents a cutting-edge approach that paves the way for other new treatments and ultimately better futures for sick children.

Discover the secret behind Gram-negative bacteria's armor-like outer membrane! A new study led by Professor Colin Kleanthous at the University of Oxford sheds light on how bacteria like E. coli construct their outer membrane to resemble body armor, with implications for developing antibiotics.