Are you interested in how the brain works? A new study from Cornell University reveals that neurons in the hippocampus, a key area of the brain, have different functions based on their genetic identity. This could lead to a better understanding of the brain's computational flexibility and memory capacity, and inform potential treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's. Check out the full article in the journal Neuron to learn more!

Unlock the mystery of life's building blocks with the thrilling personal account of Francis Crick and James Watson's groundbreaking discovery of DNA's structure. In this honest and captivating memoir, Watson recounts the fierce competition between world-class researchers and their race to uncover one of science's greatest mysteries. With an introduction by Sylvia Nasar, author of "A Beautiful Mind," this book offers a dazzlingly clear picture of the brilliant minds, human ambitions, and bitter rivalries that shaped the scientific world. Dive into this gripping tale of scientific discovery and unlock the secrets of life itself. Recommended for students of biology, biochemistry, genetics, and anyone with an interest in scientific discovery, "The Double Helix" offers a personal and engaging account of the race to uncover the structure of DNA. This book provides a glimpse into the scientific world of the 1950s and the personalities that shaped it. It also offers insight into the challenges and triumphs of scientific research, making it relevant to anyone interested in pursuing a career in science or simply curious about the process of scientific discovery. This book is a must-read for anyone looking to unlock the secrets of life's building blocks.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic code that provides instructions for the development and function of living organisms. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, a feat that revolutionized the field of genetics and paved the way for advancements in medicine, forensics, and even biotechnology. The double-helix structure is made up of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These bases pair up in a specific way, with adenine always bonding to thymine, and guanine always bonding to cytosine. One of the most remarkable aspects of DNA is its ability to replicate itself. During cell division, DNA strands unzip and create two new strands, each containing one original and one new strand. This ensures that every cell in the body has an exact copy of the genetic code. DNA has also been used to solve crimes, with DNA profiling becoming a staple of modern forensic investigations. By analyzing DNA samples left at a crime scene, investigators can identify suspects or exonerate innocent people. In addition, DNA research has led to the development of gene therapy, a treatment that can replace or correct genes that cause genetic disorders. It has also paved the way for personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup. Beyond its scientific applications, DNA has had a profound impact on society and culture. It has been the subject of numerous ethical debates, such as the use of genetic testing to determine an individual's risk for certain diseases, or the potential for genetic engineering to create "designer babies." With DNA at the forefront of modern science and technology, the possibilities for exploration and discovery are endless.

Life Sciences is a fascinating field that encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, genetics, ecology, and more. If you're interested in studying the natural world and discovering new ways to improve human health and well-being, then a career in Life Sciences might be perfect for you! As a Life Scientist, you'll have the opportunity to explore the mysteries of the natural world, from the smallest organisms to the largest ecosystems. You'll work with cutting-edge technology and tools to conduct research, analyze data, and develop new theories and ideas. Whether you're studying the genetics of disease, the ecology of a particular ecosystem, or the behavior of animals in the wild, you'll be at the forefront of scientific discovery and innovation. Some of the most exciting and meaningful aspects of a career in Life Sciences include the potential to make a real difference in people's lives. For example, you might work on developing new treatments for diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, or HIV/AIDS, or you might focus on finding ways to protect endangered species and preserve biodiversity. You might also have the opportunity to work with communities around the world to promote sustainable agriculture, improve public health, or address other pressing global challenges. In terms of typical duties, Life Scientists might work in a variety of settings, from academic research labs to government agencies to private companies. Some Life Scientists specialize in particular areas, such as genetics, ecology, or microbiology, while others work across multiple disciplines. Some common tasks might include conducting experiments and collecting data, analyzing results, writing reports and papers, and presenting findings at conferences and other events. To pursue a career in Life Sciences, you'll typically need a strong background in science and math, as well as a Bachelor's degree in a relevant field such as biology, biochemistry, or environmental science. Some popular undergraduate programs and majors include Biology, Environmental Science, and Biomedical Engineering. Helpful personal attributes for a career in Life Sciences might include a strong curiosity and passion for learning, excellent analytical and problem-solving skills, and the ability to work well both independently and as part of a team. You should also be comfortable working with technology and be able to communicate your findings clearly and effectively to others. Job prospects in Life Sciences are generally strong, with many opportunities for growth and advancement in a variety of fields. Some notable potential employers in the public sector include the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the private sector, companies such as Pfizer, Merck, and Novartis are major players in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. And of course, there are countless academic institutions and research organizations around the world that offer exciting opportunities for Life Scientists to pursue their passions and make a real impact on the world around them.

Did you know that selecting the embryo with the lowest risk for a given disease can cut the risk for that disease by almost half? This is particularly true for disorders such as schizophrenia and Crohn’s disease. However, the selection process may not lead to significant improvements in non-disease traits such as intelligence. Moreover, the use of preimplantation genetic screening (PES) raises concerns about psychological well-being, social values, and ethics. Learn more about the potential benefits and risks of PES, and how it may impact our society and individuality.

A groundbreaking study by the University of Oxford as part of the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project has defined five new subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and linked these to clinical outcomes, paving the way for more personalized patient care. This is the first study to analyze all the relevant changes in DNA across the entire cancer genome!

Biology is the study of life and all living organisms, from the smallest bacteria to the largest mammals. It is a fascinating field of study that explores the mysteries of the natural world, and the ways in which living organisms interact with each other and their environment. One of the most exciting aspects of studying biology is the opportunity to discover new things about the world around us. From groundbreaking research on the human genome to the study of the ecology of our oceans, there are endless opportunities for exploration and discovery in this field. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to take a wide range of courses in topics such as genetics, ecology, microbiology, and physiology. They will also have the opportunity to conduct research in areas such as biotechnology, conservation biology, and neuroscience. Some of the most inspiring academic figures in biology include Jane Goodall, who has dedicated her life to studying chimpanzees in the wild, and James Watson and Francis Crick, who discovered the structure of DNA. These individuals have made significant contributions to the field, and their work continues to inspire new generations of scientists. For those who are interested in pursuing a career in biology, there are a wide range of potential paths to explore. Some popular majors include biochemistry, biotechnology, and environmental science. Graduates may go on to work in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, conservation, or education. Some specific employers in the field of biology include the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Wildlife Fund. These organizations offer a wide range of opportunities for individuals who are passionate about biology and want to make a difference in the world. To succeed in the field of biology, it is important to have a strong foundation in science and math. Students should also have strong critical thinking skills, a passion for discovery, and a willingness to work hard and persevere through challenges. Overall, the study of biology is an exciting and rewarding field that offers endless opportunities for exploration and discovery. Whether you are interested in pursuing a career in medicine, conservation, or biotechnology, there are countless ways to make a difference in the world through the study of life.

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking treatment for blood cancer using off-the-shelf T-cells. The CALM clinical trial evaluated the potential of UCART19, an "off-the-shelf" CAR-T cell product, against adult patients with B-ALL. The results were recently published in The Lancet Haematology and Cancer Research Communications, showing that 48% of treated patients achieved complete remission lasting an average of 7.4 months. This new approach offers a more efficient and effective alternative to traditional CAR-T cell therapy, providing hope for patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant blood cancers.

DNA is a molecule that holds the secrets of life within its code, and it's waiting for you to explore it! This amazing molecule determines our traits, from our physical appearance to our personalities, and it can also tell us about our ancestry, our risk of diseases, and much more. Leading academics in the field of genetics, such as James Watson and Francis Crick, made major contributions to our understanding of DNA by discovering its structure and how it stores and transfers genetic information. Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA was a major turning point in the field of genetics and opened up new avenues for scientific research. In the early 1990s, the Human Genome Project was launched to map all of the genes in human DNA. This project was a huge success and has had a profound impact on the field of genetics. It allowed scientists to identify specific genes that are associated with different diseases, such as cancer, and has paved the way for new treatments and cures. One of the most fascinating things about DNA is that every person's DNA is 99.9% identical to every other person's DNA. It's the remaining 0.1% that makes each of us unique! Our DNA also contains fascinating stories about our ancestors and their migrations. For example, DNA testing can tell us where our ancestors came from and how they migrated across the world. This is known as genetic genealogy, and it's an exciting field that combines genetics and history. Another fascinating aspect of DNA is its role in evolution. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection states that species change over time through the process of natural selection. This process occurs because certain traits that provide an advantage in survival and reproduction become more common in a population over time. DNA mutations can lead to changes in traits, and over many generations, these changes can accumulate and result in new species. By exploring the world of DNA, you will not only deepen your understanding of genetics and biology, but also gain a new appreciation for the complexities and wonders of life. So go ahead, unlock the secrets of life with the power of DNA!

If you're looking for a field of study that is both fascinating and essential to our everyday lives, then look no further than Microbiology! Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae. It is a field that has a significant impact on our health, food, environment, and much more. One of the most appealing aspects of Microbiology is that it has a direct impact on our daily lives. For example, microbiologists play a critical role in developing vaccines, antibiotics, and other treatments for infectious diseases. They also work to ensure the safety of our food supply by monitoring for harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. In terms of research and innovation, Microbiology is a field that is constantly evolving. There are always new discoveries being made, such as the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. Microbiology also has a rich history, with notable figures such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch making groundbreaking contributions to the field. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to take courses in areas such as microbial genetics, immunology, and virology. There are also opportunities for further specialization, such as studying environmental microbiology or medical microbiology. Real-life examples of exciting careers in Microbiology include working as a clinical microbiologist, a food microbiologist, or a research scientist. There are a range of potential future jobs and roles that this field of study might be directly helpful for, including working in public health, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and more. Notable employers in the field include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer and Merck. To succeed in Microbiology, students should have a strong interest in science and a natural curiosity about the world around them. They should also be detail-oriented, analytical, and have excellent problem-solving skills. Overall, studying Microbiology is an exciting and rewarding experience that has the potential to make a real difference in the world. So if you're interested in a field that combines cutting-edge research with practical applications, then Microbiology might just be the perfect fit for you!

Are you interested in exploring the fascinating world of biotechnology research? Look no further! Biotechnology research is a field of study that combines biology, chemistry, and engineering to develop new products and technologies that improve human health, agriculture, and the environment. Biotechnology research has led to some of the most exciting innovations of our time, from the development of life-saving drugs to the creation of sustainable biofuels. For example, researchers have used biotechnology to create genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests and disease, reducing the need for harmful pesticides. Biotechnology has also played a crucial role in the development of vaccines, such as the COVID-19 vaccine, which has helped to save countless lives. At the undergraduate level, students can expect to take courses in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biostatistics. They will also have the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in the lab, conducting experiments and analyzing data. Students can choose to specialize in areas such as biomedical engineering, agricultural biotechnology, or environmental biotechnology, depending on their interests and career goals. A degree in biotechnology research can lead to a wide range of exciting careers, including biomedical researcher, genetic counselor, bioinformatics analyst, and biotech product manager. Graduates can work in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, biotech startups, and government agencies. Notable employers include companies like Pfizer, Novartis, and Biogen. To succeed in this field, students should have a strong foundation in biology and chemistry, as well as excellent analytical and problem-solving skills. They should also be curious, creative, and passionate about using science to make a positive impact on the world. Ready to explore the world of biotechnology research? Start your journey today and be a part of the next generation of innovators in this exciting field!

Cancer is a mysterious and creepy thing, and understanding it is crucial to fighting it. Cancer cells are unstable and selfish, only working for their own short-term benefit. They trick the body into building new blood vessels to feed them, but this can also become their undoing as they continue to mutate. Large animals seem to be immune to cancer, which scientists explain through two main ways: evolution and hypertumors. Evolution means that large animals invest in better cancer defenses, while hypertumors are the tumors of tumors. The solution to the paradox may actually be something different, but researchers still aren't sure what it is. Learning about the nature of cancer cells and cancer defenses can help you understand this complex and important topic.

Genetic sequencing has revolutionized healthcare but the genomic gap, where over 86% of data is from white Europeans, is exacerbating healthcare inequalities. Discover how this gap leads to adverse drug reactions and inaccurate genetic tests for ethnic minority groups. Explore the urgent need for reinvestment to narrow the gap and provide accurate genomic information for all.

As we grow older, our bodies undergo many changes, including changes in our metabolism. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur in our bodies to maintain life. These processes are essential for providing energy, building and repairing tissues, and eliminating waste products. As we age, our metabolic pathways can become altered, leading to various age-related diseases and conditions. One example of a metabolic pathway that is affected by aging is the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is responsible for producing ATP, the primary source of energy for our cells. As we age, the function of the ETC can become impaired, leading to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in oxidative stress. This can contribute to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Another example is the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, which regulates cellular growth and metabolism. Studies have shown that inhibiting the mTOR pathway can increase lifespan in various model organisms, including mice. This has led to increased interest in developing drugs that target this pathway as a potential anti-aging strategy. One of the leading academics in this field is Dr. David Sinclair, a Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Sinclair's research has focused on the role of metabolism in aging and age-related diseases, and he has made significant contributions to the field. For example, his research has shown that supplementing with NAD+, a molecule involved in energy metabolism, can improve various aspects of aging in mice. Another leading academic in this field is Dr. Valter Longo, a Professor of Gerontology and Biological Science at the University of Southern California. Dr. Longo's research has focused on the role of fasting and caloric restriction in aging and age-related diseases. His work has shown that periodic fasting can have a range of health benefits, including improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. In conclusion, the study of metabolic pathways in aging is a fascinating and rapidly growing field. By understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and aging, we can better understand the underlying causes of age-related diseases and conditions. Students who are interested in this topic can continue to explore it through reading and research, or by pursuing their own experiments and projects. With the right tools and resources, they can make meaningful contributions to this exciting field and help improve our understanding of aging and metabolic pathways.

Singapore's national flower, Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, has had its entire genetic blueprint decoded, revealing natural products with antioxidant properties and distinctive colors. The study, published in Communications Biology, could lead to future research in gene and metabolite engineering, as well as the discovery of bioactive compounds for healthcare purposes. The collaboration between A\*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore and SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Biodiversity Medicine showcases the power of genetic sequencing technology in preserving and studying Singapore's plant biodiversity.

UCLA scientists have identified how immune cells detect and respond to cancer cells, leading to better personalized immunotherapies for patients who do not respond to treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors improve T cells' ability to recognize and attack cancer cells, and the study showed that when immunotherapy is effective, it directs a diverse repertoire of T cells against a small group of selected mutations in a tumor. The researchers adapted advanced gene-editing technology to make unprecedented observations about immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 "checkpoint inhibitor" immunotherapy.

Genome-edited CAR T-cells treated a young patient's incurable T-cell leukaemia, leading to complete remission after just 28 days. Designed and developed by researchers at UCL and GOSH, the treatment represents a cutting-edge approach that paves the way for other new treatments and ultimately better futures for sick children.

A study of rockfish longevity has revealed a set of genes controlling their aging process, leading to the discovery of a previously unappreciated group of genes associated with extended lifespan in humans. The findings show that the same pathways that promote longevity in rockfish also promote longevity in humans. The study identified two major metabolic systems that regulate lifespan in rockfish: the insulin-signaling pathway, which prior research has shown plays a major role in regulating the lifespan of many different animals, and the previously unappreciated flavonoid metabolism pathway. These results provide insights into how to prevent or delay common human diseases of old age.

Understanding the blueprint of life is essential to understanding how our bodies work. DNA, genes, and chromosomes are the building blocks that make up this blueprint. DNA is the most basic level and is made up of nucleotides arranged along a sugar backbone. Genes are long snippets of DNA that contain information about building proteins and are the most basic units of inheritance. Chromosomes are long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called Histones and contain many genes. The body uses acetylation to control the production of proteins. Understanding these concepts can help you understand how traits are passed down and how the body makes an estimated one million proteins from only twenty thousand genes. Knowing the blueprint of life will help you understand how your body works and give you a foundation for further scientific exploration.

Discover the secret behind Gram-negative bacteria's armor-like outer membrane! A new study led by Professor Colin Kleanthous at the University of Oxford sheds light on how bacteria like E. coli construct their outer membrane to resemble body armor, with implications for developing antibiotics.