Are you fascinated by the beauty of orchids? Did you know that the modern fascination with orchids may have begun with an accident? A shipment of plants from Brazil back to England in 1818 contained weeds that later bloomed into gorgeous purple flowers, triggering an acquisition frenzy known as an "orchidelirium." In this fascinating article from Smithsonian Magazine, discover how orchids have captivated humans for centuries, and how institutions like the Smithsonian are working to conserve endangered species like the Angraecum longicalcar.

The invasion of purple sea urchins has devastated kelp forests along the coasts of California, Japan, Norway, Canada, and Tasmania, leaving behind barren underwater landscapes that can last for decades. However, a Norwegian company called Urchinomics has a plan to restore kelp forests and create a new fishery for overpopulated urchins through "urchin ranching." Urchin ranching could potentially create a local speciality dining market for purple urchin uni, but it will take an aggressive and thorough approach to remove enough urchins to restore kelp forests.

Discover the origin of Australia's devastating 'rabbit plague' with new genetic proof! An international team of researchers has finally settled the debate about whether the invasion arose from one source or multiple introductions, tracing the ancestry of Australia's invasive rabbit population back to the South-West of England. Join the journey to uncover the mystery of how a single batch of English rabbits triggered this biological invasion.

The making of chocolate is a primitive and unpredictable process involving wild rainforest insects, fungi, and microbes. Discover how the microbiome of cacao trees, tiny midges, and fermentation contribute to the $110-billion chocolate industry. Learn how researchers are working to standardize cacao-making and develop cacao-fermentation "starters."

Plants have been evolving for millions of years and have developed incredible adaptations to survive in their environments. One of the most impressive adaptations is drought resistance. In this write-up, we will explore the fascinating world of plant evolution and the incredible ways that plants have adapted to survive in dry environments. Did you know that there are plants that can survive without water for years? The cactus is one such plant that has developed unique adaptations to survive in the harsh desert environment. Its thick stems store water, and its shallow roots can quickly absorb moisture when it rains. The cactus also has small leaves that reduce water loss through transpiration and spines that provide shade to the stem, reducing water loss even further. Another interesting example of drought resistance in plants is the succulent. Succulents store water in their leaves, which become plump when water is available and shrink when water is scarce. They also have shallow roots that spread widely to quickly absorb moisture when it rains. Leading academics in the field of plant evolution and drought resistance have made significant contributions to our understanding of these adaptations. For example, Dr. Christine A. Beveridge has studied the molecular mechanisms behind drought resistance in plants and have identified genes that play a crucial role in this process. Her work has led to the development of drought-resistant crops, which have the potential to improve food security in dry regions. In conclusion, the world of plant evolution and drought resistance is full of fascinating facts, stories, and examples. By exploring this topic independently, students can deepen their understanding of the amazing adaptations that plants have developed over millions of years to survive in their environments.

Pesticides not targeted at flowers may pose a hidden threat to pollinators, according to new research from Trinity and DCU. The study, the first of its kind in Ireland, found residues of several pesticides in the nectar and pollen of both crop and wild plants, with some chemicals lingering for years after application. The findings have implications for the health of bees and other pollinators, as well as for ecosystem function, crop production, and human health.

Pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, are essential to our planet's biodiversity. They facilitate the reproduction of flowering plants, which in turn support other wildlife and contribute to the overall health of ecosystems. Sadly, pollinators face numerous threats, including habitat loss, pesticides, and climate change. In this write-up, we'll explore the vital role of pollinators in biodiversity conservation, as well as the challenges they face. First, let's define biodiversity. It refers to the variety of life on Earth, including different species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity within species. Pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining this diversity by helping plants reproduce. Over 75% of the world's food crops depend on pollinators, and they also support the growth of wildflowers and other plants that provide habitat for other animals. But pollinators are in trouble. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), over 16% of vertebrate pollinators, such as birds and bats, are threatened with extinction. In addition, around 40% of invertebrate pollinator species, such as bees and butterflies, are facing the same fate. One leading academic in this field is Dr. Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex. He has conducted extensive research on the importance of pollinators and the threats they face. In his book, "The Garden Jungle," he emphasizes the role of urban gardens in supporting pollinators and other wildlife. Another academic, Dr. Rachael Winfree from Rutgers University, has studied the impact of habitat fragmentation on pollinator communities. Her research shows that smaller patches of habitat can still support pollinators, but it's crucial to have a diversity of plants and habitats available. So, what can we do to help pollinators? There are many actions we can take, from planting pollinator-friendly gardens to reducing pesticide use. We can also support organizations that work to protect pollinators, such as the Xerces Society and the Pollinator Partnership. In conclusion, pollinators play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, but they face numerous threats. By learning more about pollinators and taking action to protect them, we can help to ensure a healthy and diverse planet for future generations.

Are you passionate about the environment, sustainability, and food production? Do you want to make a real difference in the world? Then studying Agricultural Sciences at university might be the perfect fit for you! Agricultural Sciences is a fascinating field that encompasses a wide range of topics, from plant and animal biology to soil science, economics, and policy. It's a field that is constantly evolving, with new research and innovations being developed all the time to address the challenges facing our planet. One of the most exciting aspects of Agricultural Sciences is the hands-on, real-world experience you'll gain. You'll have the opportunity to work on research projects and internships that will allow you to get your hands dirty and make a real impact. For example, you might work on developing new crop varieties that are more resistant to pests and diseases, or you might help design sustainable farming practices that reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. There are also many inspiring academic figures in this field, such as Norman Borlaug, who is known as the father of the Green Revolution for his work in developing high-yield crops that helped feed millions of people around the world. Other notable figures include Rachel Carson, who is credited with starting the modern environmental movement with her book Silent Spring, and Vandana Shiva, who is a leading voice in the movement for sustainable agriculture and food systems. At the undergraduate level, you'll typically take courses in subjects like plant biology, animal science, agricultural economics, and environmental policy. You'll also have the opportunity to specialize in areas like sustainable agriculture, food science, or agribusiness. And there are many exciting career paths you can pursue with a degree in Agricultural Sciences, from working in research and development for companies like Monsanto or Syngenta, to working for government agencies like the USDA or the EPA, to starting your own sustainable farming business. To succeed in this field, you'll need to be passionate about the environment and sustainability, as well as have a strong background in science and math. You'll also need to be a creative problem-solver, able to think outside the box to come up with innovative solutions to the challenges facing our planet. So if you're ready to make a real difference in the world, consider studying Agricultural Sciences at university. It's a field that is both intellectually stimulating and deeply rewarding, and it offers endless opportunities to make a positive impact on our planet and its people.

In just 70 years, the UK's landscape has undergone drastic changes, with non-native species thriving and native plants dwindling due to modern agriculture and climate change. The Plant Atlas 2020, produced by the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, reveals the catastrophic loss of grasslands, heathlands, and other habitats that would shock those brought up in the 1950s. The survey also highlights the impact of climate change on plant life and calls for stronger laws and sustainable land management to protect flora. Sir David Attenborough presents a new BBC documentary, Wild Isles, on the subject.

Have you ever heard of growing plants without soil? It's possible with hydroponics and aquaponics! These innovative methods of agriculture have gained popularity in recent years for their ability to produce high yields of fresh produce while using less space, water, and pesticides than traditional farming. In this write-up, we'll explore the fascinating world of hydroponics and aquaponics, diving into the concepts, benefits, and contributions from leading academics in the field. Hydroponics is the practice of growing plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil. This method can be done in a variety of ways, from a simple jar with water and plant roots to complex systems using pumps, pipes, and controlled environments. Aquaponics takes it a step further by combining hydroponics with fish farming. In this closed-loop system, fish waste provides nutrients for plants, while plants naturally filter and clean the water for the fish. Did you know that hydroponics and aquaponics can yield up to 10 times more produce than traditional farming methods? This is because the plants receive precisely the nutrients they need, and water is recycled efficiently. Additionally, these methods can be done year-round, in any climate, and with less land space. It's no wonder that hydroponics and aquaponics are gaining attention from both commercial farmers and hobbyists alike. One leading academic in this field is Dr. Dickson Despommier, a professor at Columbia University. He's written extensively on vertical farming, an innovative form of agriculture that takes hydroponics to new heights by stacking layers of plants vertically. Another notable academic is Dr. Rakocy from the University of the Virgin Islands, who pioneered the development of modern aquaponics in the 1980s. In conclusion, hydroponics and aquaponics offer an innovative and sustainable solution to traditional farming methods. With its ability to produce more fresh produce with less resources, it's no wonder why this field is gaining traction. By exploring this topic further, you can discover new and exciting ways to apply academic concepts to real-world problems.

Are you curious about the significance of the color purple in Japanese culture? Did you know that the murasaki hue, which represents nobility, is at risk of disappearing? Check out the fascinating article from Kyoto University, which sheds light on the endangered gromwell plant and the efforts to preserve Japanese culture. Discover the historical, medicinal, and cultural importance of this plant, and learn about the exciting murasaki revival projects underway throughout Japan.

Are fast-lived species taking over the world? Recent research published in Global Change Biology found that fast-lived animals are increasing in numbers while slow-lived animals are in decline, especially in areas of rapid cropland or bare soil expansion. The study raises important questions about how human actions are rewiring natural ecosystems and the far-reaching effects on the natural world.

Pesticides are ubiquitous in modern agriculture, but their detrimental effects on human health and the environment are becoming increasingly evident. A new approach, called regenerative agriculture, is emerging as a sustainable and healthier alternative. Biological farming practices like those of Tim Parton, a UK farm manager, prioritise soil and environmental health by minimising synthetic inputs, and have led to increased biodiversity and crop yields without the need for harmful chemicals. However, while the environmental and health benefits of regenerative agriculture are clear, the transition away from pesticide-dependent farming remains a challenge for many.

Discover the fascinating history behind the painstaking hand-pollination process of vanilla, the world's second most expensive spice. Learn how the enslaved boy Edmond Albius developed the method that is still in use today and the challenges faced by farmers in cultivating and processing this beloved flavor. Explore how vanilla has become one of the most lucrative spices in existence, with an insatiable demand from consumers worldwide.

Do you find the microscopic world fascinating? Are you interested in exploring the hidden world of microorganisms? If so, a career in microbiology might be just what you're looking for! Microbiology is the study of living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. As a microbiologist, you'll have the opportunity to explore the fascinating world of microorganisms and make important contributions to fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. One of the most appealing aspects of a career in microbiology is the potential to make a real difference in the world. For example, microbiologists play a critical role in developing vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases like COVID-19. They also work to develop new agricultural techniques that can improve crop yields and reduce the use of harmful pesticides. As a microbiologist, your duties might include conducting research, analyzing data, and developing new techniques for studying microorganisms. You might also specialize in a particular area of microbiology, such as medical microbiology, environmental microbiology, or industrial microbiology. To become a microbiologist, you'll typically need a bachelor's degree in microbiology, biology, or a related field. Some popular undergraduate programs and majors include microbiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. In addition to a strong academic background, there are several personal attributes that can be helpful in a career in microbiology. These include a strong attention to detail, excellent problem-solving skills, and the ability to work well in a team. Job prospects for microbiologists are generally strong, with opportunities available in both the public and private sectors. Some notable potential employers include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. So if you're interested in exploring the fascinating world of microorganisms and making a real difference in the world, a career in microbiology might be the perfect fit for you!

Fungi are more than just pizza toppings or irritants like athlete's foot. They are a distinct life-form that plays a vital role in the health of our planet. Fungi can absorb oil spills, control insects' brains, and produce life-saving medicines like penicillin. They are also eco-warriors, essential to healthy soil and trapping CO2, potentially solving global warming on their own. Fungi are neither plant nor animal, but are genetically closer to animals than plants. They form dense fungal networks called mycelium, which plants use to communicate with each other. Fungi can also employ other organisms, like leaf-cutter ants, to do their work for them. Fungi are fascinating and adaptable, and there is still much we have yet to learn about them. By exploring the world of fungi, you can become a real fun-guy at parties and gain a deeper understanding of the world around you.

Chemical fertilizers are widely used in modern agriculture to boost crop yields. However, these fertilizers are not without risk. In this write-up, we will explore the dangers of chemical fertilizers, including their impact on the environment and human health. We will also examine the alternatives to chemical fertilizers and the role of specific academics in this field. Chemical fertilizers can have a negative impact on the environment, particularly when they are not used in moderation. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to nitrate pollution in waterways, harming aquatic life and posing risks to human health. This pollution can also contribute to algal blooms, which can lead to the formation of dead zones in water bodies. In addition, the production and use of chemical fertilizers can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. The negative impacts of chemical fertilizers are also beyond human health. Exposure to high levels of fertilizer dust can cause respiratory problems, while exposure to nitrates in drinking water has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Pesticides that are often used in conjunction with chemical fertilizers can also pose risks to human health. There are a number of alternatives to chemical fertilizers that can reduce their negative impact. These include organic and natural fertilizers, such as compost and manure, as well as crop rotation and cover crops. In addition, precision agriculture techniques can help farmers apply fertilizers more efficiently and effectively, reducing the risk of pollution. Leading academics in the field of sustainable agriculture have made significant contributions to our understanding of the dangers of chemical fertilizers and the alternatives that exist. For example, Dr. David Montgomery, a geologist at the University of Washington, has written extensively on the impact of industrial agriculture on soil health, and the benefits of regenerative agriculture practices. Similarly, Dr. Rattan Lal, a soil scientist at Ohio State University, has focused on the use of carbon sequestration techniques in agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Chemical fertilizers pose a significant risk to the environment and human health, but there are alternatives that can be used to reduce these risks. By exploring the work of leading academics in the field, we can gain a deeper understanding of these issues and work to promote sustainable agriculture practices.

If you love the outdoors, have a passion for science, and want to make a difference in the world, then a career in Agricultural Sciences might be just what you're looking for! Agricultural Sciences is a field that encompasses the study of plants, animals, and the environment, and how they all interact with each other. It's a fascinating area of study that combines biology, chemistry, and engineering to help us better understand the natural world and how we can use it to improve our lives. As an Agricultural Scientist, you could work in a variety of roles, from researching new crop varieties and developing sustainable farming practices, to studying animal behaviour and improving livestock breeding techniques. You might even work in the food industry, helping to develop new products or improve existing ones. Some of the most exciting aspects of this field include the potential to work with cutting-edge technology, such as drones and sensors, to gather data and make informed decisions. You could also have the opportunity to travel the world, working on projects in developing countries and helping to improve food security and sustainability. Typical duties in Agricultural Sciences might include conducting experiments and field trials, analyzing data, writing reports and research papers, and presenting findings to colleagues and stakeholders. You might also work closely with farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural professionals to help them implement new practices and technologies. There are many areas of specialization within Agricultural Sciences, including plant breeding, soil science, animal science, and food science. Other related fields include environmental science, ecology, and biotechnology. To pursue a career in Agricultural Sciences, you'll typically need a Bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as Agricultural Science, Biology, or Environmental Science. Some popular undergraduate programs and majors include Crop Science, Animal Science, and Food Science. Helpful personal attributes for success in this field include a strong work ethic, attention to detail, good communication skills, and a passion for learning. You should also be comfortable working both independently and as part of a team. Job prospects in Agricultural Sciences are generally good, with a growing demand for professionals who can help address global challenges such as climate change, food security, and sustainable agriculture. Potential employers include government agencies, research institutions, and private companies such as Monsanto, Syngenta, and Cargill. So if you're looking for a rewarding and exciting career that combines science and nature, consider a career in Agricultural Sciences!

Genetic modification is a fascinating and controversial topic that has been around for thousands of years. People have been selectively breeding plants and animals to create desirable traits, such as the transformation of the tropical grass Teosinte into the delicious corn we eat today. However, modern technology has allowed scientists to manipulate DNA with speed and precision, creating genetically modified foods that can resist pests or produce antifreeze proteins from fish. While some people are concerned about the safety of these foods, they have all been thoroughly tested. Learning about genetic modification can help us understand the science behind our food and the potential benefits and risks associated with it. It's an exciting area of study that can inspire us to think critically about the world around us and the impact of technology on our lives.

Have you ever imagined walking alongside a giant, hairy elephant with long tusks and a hump of fat on its back? Meet the woolly mammoth, an extinct species that lived during the Ice Ages. As you learn about the woolly mammoth, you will discover fascinating features such as their two-layered fur and impressive size, which was larger than modern elephants. More than just a fun fact, studying extinct animals like the woolly mammoth can help us understand how Earth's climate and environment have changed over time, and how humans have influenced the planet. By exploring these academic concepts through reading, reflection, writing and self-directed projects, you can develop your intellectual curiosity and creativity while also gaining practical skills in research, critical thinking, and communication.