Spice: The History of a Temptation by Jack Turner is a fascinating exploration of the human impulses that drove the spice trade. It's a history told through the lens of desire, as we follow the allure of forbidden fruit lingering in the scents of cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace, and clove. We journey through time, history, myth, archaeology, and literature, discovering spices as love potions, aphrodisiacs, panaceas, and defenses against the plague. From religious rituals to prodigies of gluttony, we see spices as a luxury for a medieval king's ostentation and as the last word in haute cuisine. This book is a sensory feast that will leave you hungry for more. Recommended for foodies, history buffs, and anyone interested in the cultural significance of spices. This book is a must-read for those studying anthropology, archaeology, religion, and literature, as it explores the diverse uses of spices throughout history. It will also appeal to those interested in the history of trade and globalization, as it traces the origins of the spice trade and its impact on the world. For those interested in the science of spices, this book offers insights into their medicinal properties and the role they played in ancient medicine. Overall, this book is an excellent resource for anyone who wants to delve deeper into the fascinating world of spices.

The Forgetting by David Shenk is a poignant and meticulously researched account of Alzheimer's disease, which affects almost half of those over 85 and kills nearly 100,000 Americans annually. Shenk delves into the social, medical, and spiritual implications of the disease, as well as its impact on the lives of its victims and their families. He also traces the history of Alzheimer's, suggesting that it may have afflicted such luminaries as Jonathan Swift and Ralph Waldo Emerson. This searing and engaging book offers a sympathetic and ultimately hopeful portrait of a disease that will touch the lives of virtually everyone. Recommended for anyone interested in the medical, social, and spiritual implications of Alzheimer's disease, The Forgetting is a must-read. Shenk's scrupulous research and moving account of the disease's impact on its victims and their families will be of particular interest to students studying gerontology, social work, psychology, and medicine. The book's exploration of the history of Alzheimer's and its possible links to famous figures such as Jonathan Swift and Ralph Waldo Emerson will also appeal to those interested in literary and cultural studies. Ultimately, The Forgetting is a powerful and encouraging portrait of a disease that affects millions of people worldwide.

Did you know that chocolate syrup was once used as a medicine masker by druggists and pharmacists in the late 1800s? The popularity of chocolate syrup was partly due to its ability to mask the bitter taste of medicinal remedies. In fact, carbonated water and chocolate syrup were considered health drinks during this time. This interesting history of chocolate syrup was uncovered by Stella Parks, a pastry chef who researched the topic while writing her book, BraveTart: Iconic American Desserts. Explore the rich history of chocolate syrup and how it transitioned from a medicine to a confection.

The story of the creation of the Band-Aid in the 1920s highlights the importance of innovation and problem-solving. Earle Dickson, an employee at Johnson and Johnson, saw a need for a small adhesive bandage for his accident-prone wife and came up with a solution using the company's sterile gauze and adhesive strips. His invention became a household item and has since been produced in the billions. This story shows how simple solutions to everyday problems can lead to great success. As students, developing problem-solving skills and creativity can benefit both intellectually and practically in future careers and personal life. The Band-Aid story is a reminder that innovation can come from anyone and encourages us to explore our own ideas and solutions to problems we encounter.

The story of Odysseus and Circe from Homer's "Odyssey" has long been dismissed as pure imagination. However, recent scientific research has found that the mention of herbs and drugs throughout the passage may suggest that the myths were fictional expressions of real experiences. The passage describes the effects of the Jimson weed and snowdrop plants, which were used by villagers to treat polio and Alzheimer's. The story also highlights the importance of local plants in ancient times and how they were used to great effect. As we continue to learn more about the world around us, we may uncover more hidden knowledge within the myths and legends of ages passed. By exploring academic topics such as ancient literature and science, students can learn about the connections between the past and present, as well as the benefits of self-directed learning and critical thinking.

Florence Nightingale, known as the "lady with the lamp" for her work as a nurse during the Crimean War, was also a trained statistician who believed that statistics were "God's work." She used her knowledge of statistics to revolutionize the way hospitals were run by collecting data and showing that changes in diet and sanitation could bring the death rate down. Florence's work laid the groundwork for things we now take for granted, like being able to compare hospitals' performance and the fact that hospitals are clean. By following evidence instead of gut instinct, prejudice, or tradition, Florence showed what could be achieved. She turned data into pictures, making it impossible for MPs and civil servants to ignore. Florence would love the way big data makes all this possible but would hate some of the ways that data are abused. By learning about statistics and data, students can follow in Florence's footsteps to make the world a better place and shine a little more light on us all.

Gin, Britain's favourite spirit, has a rich history that dates back to the ninth century. It was initially seen as medicine and produced by Dutch monks as a juniper-based spirit that could cure the plague. Over time, it became a popular drink for the working class and was blamed for murder and mayhem. Today, gin is as popular as ever and can be mixed with other drinks. Learning about the history of gin provides insight into the development of medicine, the commercialisation of spirits, and the impact of taxation on society. It also highlights the importance of innovation and adaptation, as seen in the creation of tonic water as a way to make medicine more palatable. Studying the history of gin can broaden your knowledge and appreciation of the cultural and social factors that shape our tastes and preferences.

Frances Oldham Kelsey was a scientist who saved thousands of lives by rejecting an application to sell a drug called thalidomide. The drug was widely used in dozens of countries to treat insomnia, workplace stress, and nausea in pregnant women. However, Kelsey found the data on thalidomide's absorption and toxicity inadequate and rejected the application. Her earlier animal-based research demonstrated that drugs could pass from mother to fetus through the placenta, and she believed that thalidomide could cause harm to fetuses. Her decision to reject the application and ask for better evidence saved countless babies from severe birth defects caused by thalidomide. Kelsey's legacy endures as she prioritized facts over opinions and patience over shortcuts, making evidence-based medicine the foundation of reforms that continue to protect people today. By learning about Kelsey's story, students can understand the importance of evidence-based research and the impact of their decisions in science and medicine.

Chocolate, a food loved by many, has a rich history dating back 2,500 years. The Mayans and Aztecs consumed chocolate as a drink and used its beans as currency and in ceremonies. When the Spanish invaded and colonized the areas where it was found, they adopted it for their own use, and it slowly spread to other European countries. Chocolate was considered a rich person's beverage, imbued with health and spiritual properties, and was even claimed to be an aphrodisiac. Today, chocolate has become polarized, from cheap, sugary stuff to high-end black bars of joy. Early studies suggest that small doses of very dark chocolate, rich in anti-oxidants, theobromine, and caffeine, may have health benefits. Learning about the history and science behind chocolate can be both intellectually stimulating and practically beneficial to our health.

Did you know that a medicine we use today, aspirin, was discovered over 4,000 years ago by the ancient Sumerians? They found that by eating the bark of a particular tree, their pain disappeared. This discovery influenced the future of medicine and led to the development of aspirin. Aspirin's active ingredient is found in willow trees and other wild plants and was used by ancient cultures to ease pain, fever, and inflammation. The compound that made this possible, salicin, was identified and purified in the mid-18th century. Aspirin became synonymous with acetylsalicylic acid and was found to ease not just pain but also many inflammation-related problems. Research has also uncovered aspirin's risks, but it has been found to reduce heart attack risk and potentially reduce the risk of getting and dying from cancer. Learning about aspirin's history and benefits can inspire you to explore the world of medicine and the potential for discovering new treatments.

Have you ever had a moment of inspiration that led to a groundbreaking invention? In 1816, a doctor named René Laennec had just that moment while walking through Paris. He observed children using a long piece of wood to amplify sound and later used this concept to create the stethoscope. By placing a rolled-up sheet of paper to a young woman's chest, he was able to hear her heartbeat with clarity. Laennec spent three years perfecting his invention, which eventually became the forerunner to the stethoscopes we still use today. Learning about the development of the stethoscope not only expands your knowledge of medical history but also inspires you to think creatively and use everyday observations to solve complex problems.

The story of Dr. William Halsted and Caroline Hampton highlights the importance of problem-solving and innovation in academia. When Hampton developed a severe reaction to the disinfectants used before surgery, Halsted didn't just accept the status quo. Instead, he used his knowledge and connections to create a solution - thin rubber gloves. This moment of vision not only saved Hampton's hands but also led to the creation of a multibillion-dollar industry. Learning about problem-solving and innovation in academia can benefit students both intellectually and practically. By developing these skills, students can become better equipped to tackle real-world problems and create solutions that can make a difference.

The eradication of smallpox is one of the most significant events of the 20th century. It is up there with the moon landing. This achievement was made possible by the development of vaccines and the efforts of health workers worldwide. Learning about the history of smallpox and vaccination is not only intellectually stimulating but also practically relevant, particularly in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. By understanding the strategies used to eradicate smallpox, such as tracking, testing, and isolating, we can gain insights into how to keep on top of COVID-19. Moreover, the successful eradication of smallpox gives us hope that we can eradicate other human diseases if we work together. As students, exploring academic topics through reading, reflection, writing, and self-directed projects can help us gain a deeper understanding of the world around us and inspire us to take action to make a positive impact.

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bite that kills over 400,000 people every year, especially infants in the poorest parts of Africa. The spread of malaria is closely tied to health care disparities, as those with less access to resources are more likely to contract and die from the disease. Resource allocation plays a crucial role in the fight against malaria. It refers to the distribution of resources, such as funding, personnel, and equipment, to areas in need. However, resource allocation is often influenced by social, economic, and political factors, leading to disparities in access to health care. For example, in 2019, the World Health Organization reported that 85% of the global malaria burden is concentrated in just 20 countries, most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. These countries also have the highest poverty rates, making it difficult for them to access adequate health care resources. One academic who has studied malaria is Dr. Regina Rabinovich, who is a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Dr. Rabinovich has conducted extensive research on the development of new malaria vaccines and the implementation of malaria control programs in resource-limited settings. She found that the implementation of community-based malaria control programs can be highly effective in reducing the incidence of malaria in endemic areas. Dr. Rabinovich and her colleagues found that the implementation of a community-based malaria control program in Tanzania resulted in a 75% reduction in the incidence of malaria in children under the age of five. Another academic who has contributed to this field is Dr. Roly Gosling, a Professor of Global Health at the University of London. Dr. Gosling has emphasized the need for tailored strategies to address healthcare disparities and allocate resources effectively in the fight against malaria. To address this issue, various organizations have implemented interventions aimed at improving access to health care resources. For instance, the Global Fund has invested over US$16.4 billion in malaria control programs, including the distribution of 133 million insceticide-treated nets and other preventive measures.

Cancer is a mysterious and deadly disease that claims the lives of 1500 Americans every day. But why is it so common, and why does treatment often fail? In "Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy", leading researcher Mel Greaves offers clear and convincing answers to these questions by looking at cancer through a Darwinian lens. Greaves argues that human development has trapped us in a nature-nurture mismatch, causing cancer to thrive. With compelling examples from history and modern research, this fascinating book sheds light on the evolutionary context of cancer and its implications for prevention and treatment. Recommended for biology students, medical professionals, and anyone interested in the evolutionary origins of disease, "Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy" offers a fresh perspective on this complex and elusive disease. With its lucid and engaging style, this book is accessible to readers of all backgrounds and provides a comprehensive overview of cancer research and treatment. Additionally, those interested in the history of medicine and public health will find the compelling examples from history, including the epidemic of scrotal skin cancer in 18th-century chimney sweeps, to be particularly interesting.

Get ready for a game-changing medical innovation! Engineers from MIT have developed a biocompatible tissue glue inspired by barnacles that can quickly stop bleeding and seal wounds in a matter of seconds. This new paste could revolutionize the way we treat traumatic injuries and control bleeding during surgeries.

Have you ever wondered what it takes to be a heart doctor? Well, look no further because we've got the inside scoop on the exciting and rewarding field of cardiology! As a cardiologist, you'll be responsible for diagnosing and treating heart conditions, helping patients live longer, healthier lives. From heart attacks to arrhythmias, you'll have the knowledge and skills to provide life-saving care to those in need. But being a cardiologist isn't just about saving lives, it's also about preventing heart disease. You'll work with patients to develop healthy habits and manage risk factors, like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. And the best part? The field of cardiology is constantly evolving, with new treatments and technologies being developed all the time. You'll have the opportunity to stay at the forefront of medical advancements and make a real difference in the lives of your patients. Typical duties of a cardiologist include performing diagnostic tests, like electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, prescribing medication and lifestyle changes, and performing procedures like angioplasty and stenting. There are also many areas of specialisation within the field, such as electrophysiology and interventional cardiology. To become a cardiologist, you'll need to complete extensive education and training. This typically includes a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as biology or chemistry, followed by medical school and a residency in internal medicine. After that, you'll complete a fellowship in cardiology, where you'll gain specialised knowledge and skills. Helpful personal attributes for a career in cardiology include strong communication skills, attention to detail, and a passion for helping others. You'll also need to be able to work well under pressure and make quick decisions in life-or-death situations. Job prospects for cardiologists are excellent, with a growing demand for heart specialists around the world. Some notable potential employers include the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, among many others. So, if you're looking for a challenging and rewarding career that allows you to make a real difference in the lives of others, consider becoming a cardiologist. Your heart (and your patients' hearts) will thank you!

The history of blood transfusions is a fascinating and important academic concept that can benefit high school students in many ways. Learning about the discovery of blood types and the science behind antibodies and antigens can help students understand the human body and the immune system. Additionally, the practical applications of this knowledge are vast, as blood transfusions have saved countless lives throughout history. By exploring this topic through reading, reflection, and self-directed projects, students can gain a deeper understanding of medical advancements and the impact they have on society. This can also inspire students to pursue careers in medical fields, where they can make a difference in the lives of others. Overall, the history of blood transfusions is a compelling and relatable topic that can encourage students to explore academic concepts independently and engage with the world around them.

How can ICU physicians and nurses deliver compassionate care amidst capacity strain, lack of staff and training, and electronic health record maintenance? Siddiqui and Hartog's study reveals the factors that enhance and drain compassionate care in the ICU. Learn how to prevent burnout and enhance resilience amongst the care team through compassionate care.

Uncover the Divine Power of Artificial Intelligence: Meet Sybil, the new AI tool for predicting lung cancer risk developed by researchers at MIT, Mass General Cancer Center and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.